不同水肥一体化模式对烤烟生长发育与品质的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Integration Models on Growth,Development and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：刘流 刘园 李鹏 吴疆 薛子钟 牛莉莉 王辉 李倩 程玉渊 乔翔 LIU Liu;LIU Yuan;LI Peng;WU Jiang;XUE Zizhong;NIU Lili;WANG Hui;LI Qian;CHENG Yuyuan;QIAO XIANG(Nanyang Branch,Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Nanyang,Henan 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省烟草公司南阳市公司,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第7期32-38,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司南阳市公司技术创新项目“南阳烟区上部叶耐熟性提升和配套烘烤技术研究”(nyyckj202001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同水肥一体化模式对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响,为烤烟栽培提钾降氯及烟区可持续发展提供参考。【方法】以云烟87为试验对象,采用田间试验方法,研究不同水肥一体化模式[(常规施肥+滴灌(灌水2 h,水量为150 m^(3)/hm^(2),CK)、常规施肥+移栽后50 d和60 d滴入专用液体钾肥150 kg/hm^(2)(30 min水+45 min肥+45 min水)、常规施肥+移栽后40 d、50 d和60 d滴入专用液体钾肥150 kg/hm^(2)(30 min水+30 min肥+60 min水)]对烤烟农艺性状和常规化学成分的影响。【结果】不同处理烤烟的农艺性状和常规化学成分均存在差异。烤烟打顶株高、有效叶数、茎围、节距、最大腰叶长和最大腰叶宽分别为130.5~147.3 cm、21.5~21.6片、8.9~9.1 cm、4.5~4.8 cm、67.3~71.2 cm和32.0~33.7 cm,除有效叶数外,均表现为常规施肥基础上滴入专用液体钾肥150 kg/hm^(2)处理>CK。烤烟移栽后60 d、80 d、100 d上部和中部烟叶氯离子含量分别为1.33%~1.86%、1.48%~2.16%、1.68%~2.35%和1.39%~1.88%、1.58%~2.08%、1.29%~2.24%,均为表现为常规施肥基础上滴入专用液体钾肥150 kg/hm^(2)处理<CK。烤烟移栽后60 d、80 d、100 d上部和中部烟叶钾离子含量分别为1.58%~1.62%、1.66%~1.73%、1.71%~1.86%和1.38%~1.44%、1.49%~1.58%、1.54%~1.65%,除中部烟叶的烤烟移栽60 d和100 d外,均为常规施肥基础上滴入专用液体钾肥150 kg/hm^(2)处理>CK。与CK比,常规施肥基础上滴入专用液体钾肥150 kg/hm^(2)处理提高B2F烟碱含量和C3F钾离子、总糖含量,使得烤后烟叶化学成分更加协调。【结论】常规施肥基础上滴入专用液体钾肥150 kg/hm^(2)处理可有效提高烟株农艺性状,降低烟叶氯离子含量,提高钾离子含量,改善烤后烟叶化学成分协调性,从而提高烤烟品质。以常规施肥+移栽后40 d、50 d和60 d滴入专用液体钾肥150 kg/hm^(2)(30 min水+30 min肥+60 min水)处理的效果最佳。【Objective】In order to explore the effects of different integrated models of water and fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco,and to provide reference for the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco to increase potassium and reduce chlorine and the sustainable development of tobacco area.【Method】Yunyan 87 was used as the test object in field experiment,so as to study the effects of different integrated models of water and fertilizer[conventional fertilization+drip irrigation(drip irrigation for 2 h with 150 m^(3)/hm^(2) water,CK),conventional fertilization+special liquid potassium fertilizer with the ratio of 150 kg/hm^(2)(with the dripping model of water for 30 min+fertilization for 45 min+water for 45 min)on 50 and 60 d after transplanting,conventional fertilization+special liquid potassium fertilizer with the ratio of 150 kg/hm^(2)(with the dripping model of water for 30 min+fertilization for 30 min+water for 60 min)on 40,50 and 60 d after transplanting]on agronomic characters and conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】There were differences in agronomic characters and conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments.The plant height,effective leaf number,stem circumference,internodal distance,maximum waist leaf length and maximum waist leaf width of flue-cured tobacco were 130.5-147.3 cm,21.5-21.6,8.9-9.1 cm,4.5-4.8 cm,67.3-71.2 cm and 32.0-33.7 cm,respectively.Except effective leaf number,other characters all showed as the treatment of conventional fertilizer plus 150 kg/hm^(2) special liquid potassium>CK.After 60 d,80 d and 100 d transplanting,the content of chloride ions in upper and middle tobacco leaves was 1.33%-1.86%,1.48%-2.16%,1.68%-2.35%and 1.39%-1.88%,1.58%-2.08%,1.29%-2.24%,respectively,which all showed as the treatment of conventional fertilizer plus 150 kg/hm^(2) special liquid potassium<CK.After 60 d,80 d and 100 d transplanting,the potassium content of upper and middle tobacco leaves was 1.58%-1.62%,1.66%-1.73%,

关 键 词：氯 钾 烤烟 生长发育 品质 水肥一体化 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]