高寒高海拔地区植物群落的多样性与分布特征  

Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Plant Communities in Cold and High-altitude Area

作　　者：赵茂羊 蒋文翠 孔维博 耿庆宝 ZHAO Maoyang;JIANG Wencui;KONG Weibo;GENG Qingbao(Yalong River Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu,Sichuan 610093;Zangmu Hydropower Plant,Huaneng Tibet the Yarlung Zangbo River Hydropower Development Investment Co.,Ltd.,Shannan,Tibet 856417;Yunnan Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,China Energy Engineering Group,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,四川成都610093 [2]华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司藏木水电厂,西藏山南856417 [3]中国能源建设集团云南省电力设计院有限公司,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第7期124-133,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020Y0179)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明高寒高海拔地区雅砻江中游段的植物群落结构及多样性,为雅砻江中游段及相似类型工程扰动区生态修复的植被配置提供参考。【方法】采用典型样地抽样调查法统计植物特征,分析雅砻江中游段不同海拔梯度植物物种组成、优势种、植物多样性指数的变化,研究海拔梯度对其植物群落结构及多样性的影响。【结果】雅砻江中游段共有植物507种,隶属105科312属,其中,蕨类植物10科16属24种,裸子植物3科9属15种,被子植物92科287属468种。海拔<2700 m,植物类型以灌草为主,物种数为103种,优势种为金合欢、华西小石积、小马鞍叶羊蹄甲、余甘子、牡荆、油橄榄、扁核木、刺悬钩子、蔷薇、火棘、蓼和黄茅;海拔2700~<3500 m的植物类型以乔灌草为主,物种数为305种,优势种为川滇高山栎、云南松、高山松、多变柯、腋花杜鹃、大白杜鹃、地盘松、白桦、丽江云杉和滇高山栎;海拔3500~<4500 m的植物类型以灌草为主,物种数为86种,优势种为长苞冷杉、大果红杉、杜鹃、冷箭竹、大箭竹、两色杜鹃和西南委陵菜;海拔≥4500 m以高山草甸为主,物种数为13种,优势种为风毛菊、红景天、侧茎垂头菊和矮金莲花。随着海拔的升高,植被多样性总体呈先升后降趋势,其中,Pielou均匀度指数(E)总体呈下降趋势,相同海拔各层级植物多样性为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;乔木多样性受海拔的影响最大,草本受其影响最小。【结论】雅砻江中游段不同海拔梯度优势种存在差异,海拔梯度对植物群落结构和多样性具有直接影响,其植被多样性随着海拔的升高呈先升后降趋势。【Objective】The structure and diversity of plant communities in the middle reaches of Yalong River in cold and high altitude area were discussed to provide a reference for vegetation allocation of ecological restoration in the middle reaches of Yalong River and similar engineering disturbance areas.【Method】The variation in species composition,dominant species and plants diversity index at different altitudinal gradient in the middle reaches of Yalong River was analyzed by the typical sample plot survey method to study the effects of altitude gradient on structure and diversity of plant communities.【Result】There were 507 species of plants belonging to 312 genera,105 families in the middle reaches of Yalong River.There were 24 species,16 genera,10 families in fern,15 species,9 genera,3 families in gymnosperm and 468 species,287 genera,92 families in angiosperm respectively.The plant types were dominated by shrub and grass plants at an altitude with<2700 m and the dominant species were Acacia farnesian,Osteomeles schwerinae,Bauhinia brachycarpa var.microphylla,Phyllanthus emblica,Vitex negundo var.cannabifo1ia,Olea europaea,Prinsepia utilis,Rubus pungens,Rosa sp,Pyracantha fortuneana,Polygonum sp and Heteropogon contortus.The plant types were dominated by arbor,shrub and grass plants at an altitude with 2700~<3500 m and the dominant species in 305 species were Quercus aquifolioides Rehd,Pinus yunnanensis,Pinus densata,Lithocarpus variolosus,Rhododendron racemosum,Rhododendron decorum,Pinus yunnanensis var.pygmaea,Betula platyphylla,Picea likiangensis and Quercus semicarpifolia.The plant types were dominated by shrub and grass plants at an altitude with 3500~<4500 m and the dominant species in 86 species were Abies georgei Orr,Larix pataninii var.macrocarpa,Rhododendron protistum Balf.,Arundinaria faberi,Fargesia spathacea,Rhododendron dichroanthum Diels and Potentilla fulgens.The plant types were dominated by alpine meadow at an altitude with≥4500 m and the dominant species in 13 species were Saussurea

关 键 词：高寒高海拔地区 雅砻江中游段 海拔梯度 植物群落 多样性 分布特征 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]