药隔期倒春寒对小麦主茎穗不同穗粒位结实数与粒重的影响  

Effects of Late Spring Coldness during the Anther Differentiation Period on Grain Number and Weight of Wheat Main Stem at Different Spikelet and Grain Position

作　　者：陈翔[1] 于敏 王捧娜 代雯慈 翁颖 蔡洪梅 吴宇 许辉 郑宝强 李金才[1,2] CHEN Xiang;YU Min;WANG Peng-na;DAI Wen-ci;WENG Ying;CAI Hong-mei;WU Yu;XU Hui;ZHENG Bao-qiang;LI Jin-cai(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University/Crop Cultivation Science Observatory in East China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hefei 230036,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Crop Production in Jiangsu,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院/农业农村部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站,合肥230036 [2]江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2023年第7期575-587,共13页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金(2008085QC122);淮北市重大科技专项(HK2021013);安徽省重大科技专项(202003b06020021);“十四五”安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金。

摘　　要：在大田盆栽条件下利用智能超低温光照培养箱,对烟农19(YN19,抗倒春寒性强)和新麦26(XM26,抗倒春寒性弱)两个小麦品种于幼穗分化的药隔形成期进行4h·d-1的倒春寒模拟试验。设置2℃和-2℃两个低温胁迫水平,对照(CK)为10℃,以明确不同程度倒春寒胁迫对不同抗倒春寒性品种小麦主茎穗各穗粒位结实粒数及粒重的影响。结果表明:(1)各处理主茎穗不同小穗位的结实粒数和粒重均呈先升后降的二次曲线变化。(2)倒春寒胁迫导致小麦主茎穗不同穗粒位结实粒数显著降低,且降幅随胁迫程度的加重而增大。2℃和-2℃胁迫处理下YN19主茎穗的下、中、上部小穗总粒数分别显著降低40.74%、18.75%、35.00%和70.37%、32.50%、15.00%(P<0.05);XM26分别显著降低62.50%、7.87%、20.00%和100%、42.22%、100%(P<0.05)。(3)轻度倒春寒胁迫(2℃)导致小麦主茎穗粒重降低,重度倒春寒胁迫(-2℃)下粒重反而会因穗粒数的大幅降低而有所上升。与对照相比,2℃胁迫处理下YN19主茎穗各小穗粒重降幅在2.93%~47.53%,XM26降幅为19.72%~49.96%(P<0.05);-2℃胁迫处理下YN19主茎穗各小穗粒重增幅在20.57%~60.84%,XM26增幅为1.20%~42.78%(P<0.05)。(4)倒春寒胁迫导致两品种小麦主茎穗不同小穗位总粒重较CK降低。YN19在2℃和-2℃胁迫处理下,下部和中部小穗总粒重较CK分别显著降低49.49%、28.99%和65.76%、29.47%,上部小穗在-2℃胁迫处理下总粒重较CK显著降低23.09%(P<0.05);XM26下、中、上部小穗总粒重较CK分别显著降低69.76%、28.61%、20.02%和100%、42.33%、100%(P<0.05)。综上所述,倒春寒对小麦主茎穗不同穗粒位结实粒数和粒重均会产生不利影响,对小麦穗位的危害表现为下部>上部>中部,对小麦粒位的危害表现为第3粒位>第1粒位>第2粒位。本试验分析认为,倒春寒对小麦主茎穗结实粒数的影响大于对粒重的影响,影响程度随倒春寒胁迫程度的加重而增大。无�Under the condition of pot cultivation in intelligent ultra-low temperature light incubator was used to carry out a 4h·d-1 simulation experiment of late spring coldness in the anther differentiation period of two wheat varieties,Yannong 19(YN19,strong resistance to late spring coldness)and Xinmai 26(XM26,weak resistance to late spring coldness).Two temperature treatments of 2℃and-2℃were set,and the control treatment(CK)was 10℃,in order to clarify the effect of different degrees of late spring coldness on the number of grains and grain weight at different spike positions of wheat main stem.The results showed that:(1)the number of fertile grains and grain weight at different spikelet on the main stem in different treatments were changed as a quadratic curve of first increased and then decreased.(2)Late spring coldness significantly reduced the number of fertile grains at different spikelet and grain positions of wheat main stem,and the reduction amplitude increase with the increase of stress degree.Under 2℃and-2℃treatment,the total fertile grains of lower,middle and upper spikelets of YN19 decreased by 40.74%,18.75%,35.00%and 70.37%,32.50%and 15.00%respectively,while XM26 significantly decreased 62.50%,7.87%,20.00%and 100%,42.22%,100%,respectively.(3)Mild late spring coldness stress(2℃)reduced the grain weight of wheat main stem,while severe late spring coldness stress(-2℃)increased the grain weight due to the sharp reduction of the number of grains per spike.Compared with CK,the grain weight of spikelets of YN19 decreased by 2.93%-47.53%and XM26 by 19.72%-49.96%under 2℃low temperature stress treatment;the grain weight of spikelets of YN19 increased by 20.57%-60.84%and XM26 by 1.20%-42.78%under-2℃low temperature treatment.(4)The dry weight of the total grains at different parts of wheat main stem spike in two varieties was lower than that of CK due to the late spring coldness.Under the stress of 2℃and-2℃,the dry weight of total grains of the lower and middle spikelets of YN19 significantly de

关 键 词：小麦 倒春寒 穗粒位 结实粒数 粒重 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S426