2016—2021年北京市大兴区学校肺结核疫情的流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic in schools in Daxing District, Beijing, 2016-2021

作　　者：崔虹艳[1] 侯文俊[1] 田飞飞 张时雨 张鹏程 张耀文 高艳青[1] CUI Hong-yan;HOU Wen-jun;TIAN Fei-fei;ZHANG Shi-yu;ZHANG Peng-cheng;ZHANG Yao-wen;GAO Yan-qing(Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control,Da-xing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市大兴区疾病预防控制中心结核病防制科,北京102600

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2023年第7期782-787,共6页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

摘　　要：目的 分析北京市大兴区2016—2021年学校肺结核疫情流行病学特征,为更好地开展本辖区学校肺结核防控工作提供科学依据。方法 通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统-监测报告管理》及北京市学校肺结核疫情监测月报表收集2016—2021年北京市大兴区内学校相关肺结核病例,分析其流行病学特征。结果 共计报告446例学校相关病例,以学生病例为主(386例,86.55%);报告发病数由2016年的192例下降至2021年的37例,报告病例数及学生病例比例均呈下降趋势。男女比例为2.72∶1,发病高峰期主要分布在4—5月或9—10月。低年龄组学校(幼儿园、小学)病例以教职工为主,分别占87.50%、54.55%;病例主要集中在技校及大学,占78.48%;病原学阴性者占比较高(63.90%),2018年后病原学阳性者明显增加。共发生3起肺结核聚集性疫情和1起突发公共卫生事件,累计发现181例病例。结论 2016—2021年大兴区学校肺结核疫情整体平稳下降,幼儿园及小学病例以教职工为主,技校及大学阶段的学生为学校肺结核防控的重点人群,应提高主动监测能力,及早发现疫情,有效避免学校结核病疫情扩散。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)in schools in Daxing District,Beijing,from 2016 to 2021,and provide scientific evidence for PTB prevention and control in schools within this district.Methods The school-related PTB cases in Daxing District of Beijing were co-llected through the“China Disease Prevention and Control Information System-Surveillance Report Management”and the monthly report table of PTB epidemic surveillance in schools of Daxing District of Beijing from 2016 to 2021.The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 446 school-related cases were reported,mostly were student cases(n=386,86.55%).The number of reported cases decreased from 192 in 2016 to 37 in 2021,and both the number of reported cases and the proportion of student cases showed a declining trend.The male to female ratio was 2.72∶1,and the incidence peak was mainly distributed in April-May or September-October.The cases in low age schools(kindergartens,primary schools)were mainly teaching staff,accounting for 87.50%and 54.55%,respectively.The cases were mainly distributed in vocational schools and universities,accounting for 78.48%.The proportion of patients with negative pathogenic results was ralatively high(63.90%),but the number of patients with positive pathogenic results increased significantly after 2018.A total of three PTB clustered epidemics and one public health emergency event were reported,with 181 cases involved.Conclusion PTB epidemic in schools in Da-xing District decreased steadily from 2016 to 2021.Teaching staff were the main cases in kindergartens and primary schools,while students in vocational schools and universities were the major population for PTB prevention and control in schools.It is necessary to improve the ability of active monitoring,detect the epidemic as early as possible,so as to effectively prevent the spread of tuberculosis epidemic in schools.

关 键 词：学校 肺结核 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]