不同观赏荷花品种对镉胁迫响应的差异性研究  

Studies on the differential responses of different ornamental Nelumbo nucifera cultivars to cadmium stress

作　　者：施寅政 徐迎春[1] 王子康 卢学礼 金奇江 王彦杰[1] SHI Yinzheng;XU Yingchun;WANG Zikang;LU Xueli;JIN Qijiang;WANG Yanjie(College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Landscaping,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Floral Biology,National Forestry and Grassland Admistration in East China Area/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Floral,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院/农业农村部景观农业重点实验室/国家林业与草原局华东地区花卉生物学重点实验室/农业农村部花卉生物学与种质创制重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2023年第4期669-678,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071829);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(21)3018];中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYZZ2021003,KYZZ2022004)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在探讨不同观赏荷花品种耐镉(Cd)的差异,筛选优质荷花品种以作为植物修复Cd污染水体的材料。[方法]以常用的6个大中型观赏荷花品种为试材,利用盆栽试验研究不同Cd处理水平(0、1、10、25 mg·kg-1)下各荷花品种生长及生理特性的变化。[结果]低Cd处理(1 mg·kg-1)促进了各荷花品种株高和立叶数的增加,中Cd处理(10 mg·kg-1)对‘风卷红旗’‘中国红·北京’‘珠峰翠影’的株高和立叶数有促进作用,但抑制其他3个品种的生长,经高Cd处理(25 mg·kg-1)后仅‘珠峰翠影’的株高和立叶数仍显著增加;不同Cd处理水平对各荷花品种冠幅和叶径的生长均产生了抑制效果。随着Cd处理水平升高,各荷花品种叶片的叶绿素含量逐渐降低,相对电导率不断上升,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势。其中,‘风卷红旗’‘中国红·北京’和‘珠峰翠影’叶绿素含量及相对电导率受Cd胁迫的影响较其他3个品种小,且‘风卷红旗’和‘中国红·北京’的2种抗氧化酶活性仅在高Cd胁迫下才显著低于对照,而‘珠峰翠影’在各水平Cd处理下始终高于对照。对不同荷花品种Cd积累特性的分析表明,‘风卷红旗’和‘中国红·北京’的Cd积累量相对较高,而‘珠峰翠影’的Cd转运系数最高;荷花不同器官中Cd积累量由大到小表现为根、叶、根状茎。[结论]不同观赏荷花品种耐Cd能力差异较大,‘珠峰翠影’‘风卷红旗’‘中国红·北京’的耐Cd性相对较强,这3个耐性品种可通过根系阻挡与固定大量Cd或高效启动抗氧化系统清除Cd诱导产生过量活性氧的方式抵御Cd胁迫。[Objectives]The aim of this study was to clarify the Cd tolerance of different Nelumbo nucifera cultivars and select high-quality cultivars as the material for plant remediation of Cd-contaminated waters.[Methods]Six commonly used large and medium-sized ornamental lotus cultivars were used as experimental materials,and the changes of growth and physiological characteristics of each cultivar under different Cd treatment levels(0,1,10,25 mg·kg-1)were studied by pot experiment.[Results]Low Cd treatment(1 mg·kg-1)stimulated plant height and the number of standing leaves in all N.nucifera cultivars,while medium Cd treatment(10 mg·kg-1)promoted two above-mentioned indexes in‘Fengjuanhongqi’‘Zhongguohong·Beijing’and‘Zhufengcuiying’,but restrained those in the other three cultivars.After high Cd treatment(25 mg·kg-1),the plant height and the number of standing leaves of‘Zhufengcuiying’rather than other cultivars still significantly increased compared with the control.All Cd treatment levels inhibited the growth of crown width and leaf diameter of N.nucifera cultivars.With the increase of Cd treatment levels,the chlorophyll content and relative electrical conductivity in leaves of each cultivar gradually decreased and increased,respectively,and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,but there were obvious differences among cultivars.Among them,chlorophyll content and relative electrical conductivity in‘Fengjuanhongqi’‘Zhongguohong·Beijing’and‘Zhufengcuiying’were less affected by Cd stress than the other three cultivars.And the activities of two antioxidant enzymes in‘Fengjuanhongqi’and‘Zhongguohong·Beijing’were lower than the control only under high Cd level stress,while those in‘Zhufengcuiying’were always higher than the control under various Cd treatment levels.Cd accumulation characteristics analysis in different N.nucifera cultivars showed that‘Fengjuanhongqi’and‘Zhongguohong·Beijing’ha

关 键 词：重金属胁迫 荷花 品种筛选 抗氧化系统 CD含量 

分 类 号：X503.23[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S682.32[农业科学—观赏园艺]