汉语轻声组合和英语重音类型音高突显模式对比实验分析  

An Experimental Analysis of Pitch Prominence Pattern Between Chinese Disyllabic Neutral Tone Combination and English Disyllabic Stress Types

作　　者：郭嘉[1] 昂秋香 翟润钰 Guo Jia;Ang Qiuxiang;Zhai Runyu(College of Foreign Languages,Nankai University,Tianjin,300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学外国语学院,天津300071

出　　处：《语文学刊》2023年第3期46-55,共10页Journal of Language and Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉英音系结构深层机制中的音高差比研究”(17BYY037);南开大学文科发展基金科学研究类项目(ZB21BZ0215)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：轻声是汉语普通话语音重要且复杂的特征。随着现代韵律音系学和韵律音系类型学的发展,汉语基于轻声组合和英语基于重音类型的异同逐渐成为汉英韵律音系对比的新的关注点,但目前基于实验分析的探讨鲜有。本研究基于韵律格局中提出的音段发音到位程度,采用音高起伏度计算方法,对汉语双音节词四种轻声组合和英语双音节词两种重音类型首末音节的音高模式从音高起伏趋势、音高中线空间分布和音高调域三个维度展开对比分析。通过从赫兹,到半音,再到百分比的转化,将以声调为基础的汉语和以重音为基础的英语放在同一维度进行比较。研究发现,汉语各声调末音节轻声表现不一,其中T2+T0和T3+T0中音高_(轻声音节)>音高_(非轻声音节),但T1+T0和T4+T0中音高_(轻声音节)<音高_(非轻声音节),体现出轻声的依附性,即音高值随前置音节音高变化;英语两种重音类型的音高起伏整体表现为首音节_(音高)>末音节_(音高)。汉语四种轻声组合音高中线分布较广,跨越高、中和超低位区;但英语主要在次中位区和低位区,分布范围较集中。汉语双音节词TN+T0声调组合中,首末音节调域表现各异,轻声音节并未体现出一致的规律;英语双音节词两种重音类型首末音高调域的突显程度与其重音类型相符合,即重读音节_(音高调域)>非重读音节_(音高调域),体现了轻重的二元性和相对性。Neutral tone is an important and complex feature in Mandarin Chinese.With the development of prosodic phonology and prosodic phonology typology,the similarities and differences between neutral tone in Chinese and unstressed syllable in English have become a new focus in English-Chinese contrastive prosodic analysis.However,less attention is paid to experimental study.Based on Prosodic Pattern Theory,this paper makes a contrastive analysis of disyllabic words in Chinese neutral tone combinations and two English stress types from undulating scale,pitch middle line and pitch range.By transforming original pitch value(HZ)to semitone and to percentage,Chinese and English can be compared under the same dimension.Results show that:(1)Neutral tone in Chinese has no consistent pitch pattern,for T2+T0 and T3+T0,pitch_(T0)>pitch_(T2/T3),for T1+T0 and T4+T0,pitch_(T0)<pitch_(T1/T4),which exhibits its dependency on the preceding syllable.In English,both stress types exhibit the pattern of pitch_(first syllable)>pitch_(final syllable).(2)The middle lines of Chinese have a wide span,from the highest to the lowest,while for English,the middle lines mainly distribute around the lower part.(3)For pitch range,the four neutral tone combinations in Chinese appear differently,showing no consistent pattern,while in English,pitch range is consistent with stress type,namely pitch range_(stressed syllable)>pitch range_(unstressed syllable),showing duality and relativity of English stress.

关 键 词：双音节词 轻声组合 重音类型 音高起伏 音高中线 音高调域比 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语]