基于《清漪园地盘画样》的清漪园万寿山总体设计方法  

Overall Design Method of Wanshou Mountain in Qingyi Garden Based on Qingyi Yuan Di Pan Hua Yang

作　　者：宋恬恬 朱育帆[1] SONG Tiantian;ZHU Yufan(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第7期78-85,共8页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：【目的】以清漪园为例研究清代大型皇家园林总体设计方法,对于拓展中国古典园林设计理论和支撑颐和园遗产保护具有重要意义。【方法】以清漪园万寿山区域为例,对清代样式房《清漪园地盘画样》的图纸性质进行考察并对图上布局进行量化分析,探讨制图特征与清代平格技术的关联性,并综合史料与现状调研构建万寿山总体设计方法与技术要点。【结果】1)《清漪园地盘画样》存在统一的绘图比例和5丈的绘图模数,推测由早期清漪园设计图为底本复制、改绘而成;2)该图的制图特征与清代平格技术存在紧密关联,推测是以5丈见方的平格图为底图绘制而成。【结论】清漪园万寿山的总体设计方法以平格技术为关键支撑,包括平格地形测绘和总体布局2个关键流程,核心是以平格图为底图开展图上设计,进而整体控制建筑群的选址、规模和轴线位置。研究从技术视角揭示了清漪园万寿山的整体布局方法,推进了对清代大型园林总体设计的认识。[Objective]Qingyi Garden,built in 1750(renamed as the“Summer Palace”upon renovation in 1888),is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese royal gardens that represents the highest level of ancient Chinese garden design.Taking Qingyi Garden as an example,this research explores the overall design method of large royal gardens in Qing Dynasty,which is of great significance for expanding the design theory of Chinese classical garden and supporting the heritage protection of the Summer Palace.[Methods]The research first examines the basic nature of the map Qingyi Yuan Di Pan Hua Yang(a master plan of Qingyi Garden,hereinafter referred to as the“Map”)drawn by the royal design institution named“Yangshifang”in Qing Dynasty,and judges when the Map was probably drawn,how it was drawn,and the purpose of drawing it based on the morphology of the building groups therein and the actual construction time of these building groups.Meanwhile,the research quantifies and analyzes the overall layout of the building groups in the Map.Specifically,the research adopts the computer aided design(CAD)software to process the images and measure the axis spacing of the building groups,and then adopts the Microsoft Office Excel software to analyze the data to derive the cartographic features of the Map.In order to find the technical origin of these cartographic features,the research explores the relevance of these cartographic features to the Pingge technique prevailing in Qing Dynasty from three aspects:the modular features usually presented by the Pingge technique,the form and accuracy of topographic surveying and mapping in the Map,and the objective feasibility of using the Pingge technique at the beginning of the construction of Wanshou Mountain in Qing Dynasty.Based on the above research results,the research finally proposes the overall design method of Wanshou Mountain in Qingyi Garden,including core contents,key processes,technical features and historical value of the method.[Results]1)Based on the examination of the building groups

关 键 词：皇家园林 设计方法 整体布局 模数化 平格图 样式雷 颐和园 

分 类 号：TU986.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]