退塘还林中地形和植被恢复方式对红树林恢复效果影响  

Effects of Landform and Vegetation Restoration Method on Mangroves Restoration in Ponds

作　　者：熊燕梅[1] 吴晓东 陈玉军[1] 辛琨 廖宝文[1] XIONG Yan-mei;WU Xiao-dong;CHEN Yu-jun;XIN Kun;LIAO Bao-wen(Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guaangzhou 510520,China;Guangdong Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve Administration,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520 [2]广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区管理局,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2023年第4期122-128,共7页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020214001);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515010550);广东省林业科技创新项目(2022KJCX014)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究地形和植被恢复方式对红树林植被恢复效果的影响,为退塘还林工程提供参考。【方法】在湛江市太平镇领头岛开展退塘还林实验,设置平地和缓坡两种地形,以及自然恢复和人工种植这两种植被恢复方式,分析不同处理对红树林恢复效果的影响。【结果】在人工种植处理中,缓坡的造林存活率、树种多样性指数以及自然定居的红树数量都高于平地(P≤0.001);地形对基径生长速率影响显著(P<0.001),但由于地形与树种的交互效应也极显著(P<0.001),地形对基径生长速率的影响因树种而异,其中桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)是平地高于缓坡,而秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorhiza)则是缓坡高于平地;地形对树高生长速率无显著影响(P>0.05)。在缓坡地形条件下,自然恢复处理(只有自然定居植株)的红树植物密度、植被覆盖度和树种多样性指数都低于人工种植处理(样方内既有种植植株也有自然定居植株)(P<0.001)。【结论】退塘还林工程中人工种植可加速红树林植被恢复;对于塘底高程位于平均海平面附近的低位塘,缓坡地形营造的高程梯度和多样化生境比平地更利于提高树种多样性并促进红树林植被恢复。【Objective】To explore the effects of landform and vegetation restoration method on mangrove vegetation restoration in order to provide technical guidance for restoring mangroves in ponds.【Method】A pond-to-mangroves study was conducted on Lingtou Island in Taiping town,Zhanjiang City.Two landforms(flat vs.slope)and two vegetation restoration methods(natural recruitment vs.planting)were set up in the experiment and their effects on mangrove restoration were compared.【Result】The results showed that in the planting treatment,slope landform had significantly higher plant survival rate,higher species diversity index and higher number of naturally-colonized mangrove individuals than flat landform(P≤0.001).Landform significantly affected base diameter growth rate(P<0.001),and the interaction effect between landform and species was also significant(P<0.001).Therefore,the effect of landform on base diameter growth rate differed among different mangrove species.For Aegiceras corniculatum,base diameter growth rate was higher on slope landform than flat landform,but for Kandelia obovata,Rhizophora stylosa and Bruguiera gymnorhiza,base diameter growth rate was higher on flat landform than slope landform.Landform did not significantly affect tree height growth rate(P>0.05).On slope landform,mangrove individual density,plant cover and species diversity were much lower in the natural recruitment treatment than in the planting treatment(P<0.001).【Conclusion】Planting is able to accelerate vegetation restoration in the study.Moreover,for ponds around mean sea level,slope landform has a better effect than flat landform in maintaining species diversity and accelerating mangrove restoration by creating an elevation gradient and thus diverse habitats.

关 键 词：红树林 生态修复 退塘还林 生物多样性 生境修复 

分 类 号：S72[农业科学—林木遗传育种]