植物物候期对城市鸟类群落多样性的影响  

Effect of Plant Phenology on Bird Community Diversity

作　　者：傅东示 严劲松 姚雨欣 杨意帆 张洁 郭婷婷 张聪 幸怡 邵锋[1] FU Dongshi;YAN Jingsong;YAO Yuxin;YANG Yifan;ZHANG Jie;GUO Tingting;ZHANG Cong;XING Yi;SHAO Feng(School of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Yue Temple Office,Hangzhou West Lake ScenicArea of Zhejiang,Hangzhou 310007,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]杭州西湖风景名胜区岳庙管理处,浙江杭州310007

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2023年第4期25-33,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：为探究植物物候与鸟类群落多样性的相关性,以浙江农林大学东湖校区春夏季校园植物和鸟类为研究对象,以“候”(pentad)(5 d)为物候期时间分布特征分析的基本单位,候序为描述物候现象发生早晚的基本变量,于2022年2月4日至9月27日进行植物及鸟类的物候观测,基于物候频率曲线及频数分布划分季相,并采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数计算鸟类群落多样性。结果表明:(1)在2022年6—20候为春季,21—44候为夏季,以芽、叶、花和果的物候期为主;在春夏季共记录鸟类16目42科82属107种,其中留鸟52种(47.27%)、夏候鸟28种(25.45%)、冬候鸟19种(17.27%)、旅鸟11种(10.00%),其中苍鹭Ardea cinerea、大白鹭Ardea alba和黑短脚鹎Hypsipetes leucocephalus存在两种居留型。(2)鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数最大值分别位于14候(1.4406)、25候(0.3934)和20候(9.8066);春季鸟类多样性及丰富度高于夏季的,均匀度略低于夏季的;春季可食部分物候期增加对植食性鸟类数量具有正向影响。综合以上结果,建议城市绿化按物候规律选择鸟类取食植物,保留植株宿存果,栽植常绿树种和翌年结果植物以减缓春夏交替时的食物短缺,并尽量减少刈割等对草本植物发芽、生长、开花和结实等生活史阶段的影响。In order to explore the correlation between plant phenophase and bird community diversity,observations on vegetation and birds was conducted from February 4 to September 27,2022 in Donghu Campus of Zhejiang A&F University.Pentad(5 days)was used as the basic unit for the analysis of the time distribution characteristics of phenology,and pentad sequence as basic variable to describe the occurrence of phenological phenomena.The seasonal phases were divided by phenological frequency curve and frequency distribution.Bird community diversity was calculated by Shannon-Wiener diversity,Pielou evenness and Margalef richness index.The result showed that the 6th-20th pentad in 2022 was spring,and the 21st-44th pentad was summer,with buds,leaves,flowers and fruits as the main phenological stage.A total of 107 species of bird of 82 genera and 42 families of 16 orders were recorded,among them,52 species of resident birds(47.27%),28 species of summer migratory birds(25.45%),19 species of winter migratory birds(17.27%)and 11 species of travelers(10.00%).There were two resident species of Ardea cinerea,Ardea alba,Hypsipetes leucocephalus.And the highest values of Shannon-Wiener diversity,Pielou evenness and Margalef richness index were at the 14th(1.4406),25th(0.3934)and 20th pentad(9.8066).The diversity and richness of birds in spring were higher than that in summer,and the evenness was slightly lower than that in summer.Increase of the edible part of plants in spring had positive effect on the number of plant-feeding birds.

关 键 词：植物物候期 城市鸟类 鸟类多样性 食源植物 居留型 

分 类 号：S731.9[农业科学—林学] Q959.7[生物学—动物学]