聚氨酯微相分离结构对力学性能的影响分析  

Analysis of the Influence of Polyurethane Microphase Separation Structure on Mechanical Properties

作　　者：胡帅帅 陈双 刘育红[2] 强军锋[1] HU Shuaishuai;CHEN Shuang;LIU Yuhong;QIANG Junfeng(College of Material Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710000,China;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西西安710000 [2]西安交通大学,化学工程与技术学院,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《塑料》2023年第3期109-114,125,共7页Plastics

基　　金：自然科学基础研究计划-陕煤联合基金(2019JLM-27)。

摘　　要：聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)是目前具有发展潜力的合成材料之一。聚氨酯弹性体具有抗冲击强度高、弹性好、延伸率高、耐磨性好、耐油性和耐溶剂性好、抗撕裂性好等特点,被广泛应用于较多领域。从聚氨酯弹性体的合成原料和工艺角度分析,收集并研究微相分离对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响,总结了聚氨酯弹性体的原料和制备工艺对力学性能的影响;按照原料和工艺进行分类,对近年来不同原料(大分子二元醇、二异氰酸酯和扩链剂)和工艺(共聚方法和退火处理)制备的聚氨酯弹性体进行性能和微相分离进行综述,并且分析不同结构的影响。基于不同微相分离聚氨酯弹性的研究体取得了成果,但是,开发高力学性能的材料仍是一个巨大的挑战。最后,综述了提高聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的方法,为制备高性能的聚氨酯弹性体提供了理论指导。Polyurethane elastomers(PU)are currently one of the six promising synthetic materials in the world.Polyurethane elastomers have the advantages of high impact strength,good elasticity,high elongation,good wear resistance,good oil and solvent resistance,and good tear resistance,so they are widely used in many fields.Starting from the synthetic raw materials and processes of polyurethane elastomers,the effects of microphase separation on the mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomers are collected and analyzed,and the effects of raw materials and preparation processes of polyurethane elastomers on mechanical properties are summarized;The properties and microphase separation of polyurethane elastomers prepared by raw materials(macromolecular diols,diisocyanates and chain extenders)and processes(copolymerization methods and annealing treatments)are reviewed,and the effects of different structures are discussed.Conclusion Although some progress has been made in polyurethane elastomers base on different microphase separations,the development of materials with high mechanical properties is still a great challenge.The ways to improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomers are summarized,which provides guidance for the realization of high-performance polyurethane elastomers.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 微相分离 力学性能 软硬段结构 制备工艺 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]