大食物观引领下低碳减排与粮食安全的协同发展:现状、挑战与对策  

Meeting Low-carbon and Food Security Objectives of China Agri-food System Under the Greater Food Approach:Status Quo,Challenges,and Pathways

作　　者：陈志钢[1] 徐孟[1] CHEN Kevin;XU Meng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,杭州310058

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2023年第6期77-85,共9页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:72161147001);国际农业研究磋商组织低碳食物系统研究项目(Mitigate+);浙江大学生态文明计划。

摘　　要：大食物观所蕴含的更高层次的粮食安全理念对农业食物系统转型提出了更高的要求,与此同时,农业食物系统固碳减排存在巨大潜力,对中国实现碳中和目标有重要作用,探讨如何将大食物观的理念与碳减排目标结合起来,提出大食物观视角下的低碳减排和粮食安全的协同发展路径具有重要意义。本文从农业食物系统低碳减排与粮食安全的权衡关系出发,分析了大食物观视角下的低碳减排与粮食安全协同发展的现状、挑战和实现路径。研究发现,大食物观以消费端需求为导向,为低碳减排目标与粮食安全目标的协同发展提供了框架指引,农业食物系统可持续转型能助力粮食安全与低碳减排双目标的实现。目前中国粮食和重要农产品供给能够有效满足居民需求,农业食物系统在2018年已经实现其自身的碳中和,温室气体排放转为净碳汇;但是随着未来人口和收入的增长,实现更高层次的粮食安全和推进低碳农业食物系统转型过程仍面临自然资源约束加剧、小农为主的生产模式、不均衡的居民膳食结构,以及食物损失与浪费严重等挑战。基于此,本文提出了大食物观引领下的农业食物系统低碳减排与粮食安全协同发展的对策建议。The Greater Food approach implies a higher level of food security and puts forward higher requirements for agri-food system transformation in China.Meanwhile,the agri-food system has great potential for carbon sequestration and GHG emissions reduction,which can play an important role in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.This paper aims to discuss how to achieve carbon neutrality in Chinese agri-food system under the Greater Food approach and further put forward the pathways of a win-win strategy of food security and a low-carbon agri-food system.Starting from the relation between the low-carbon agri-food system development and food security,this paper systematically analyzes the status quo,challenges,and pathways to achieve the goals of food security and low carbon.We find that the Greater Food approach oriented to demand provides a guideline for minimizing the trade-offs and identifying the synergy of food security and low-carbon agri-food systems.We conclude that transformation towards sustainable agri-food system can promote the realization of both goals.At present,the supply of major agri-food products in China can effectively meet the needs of Chinese residents.Meanwhile,China's agri-food system had achieved its carbon neutrality in 2018,turning greenhouse gas emissions into a net carbon sink.However,with rising population and income in the future,the synergy between higher level of food security and low-carbon transformation of China's agri-food system is still uncertain.Chinese agri-food system faces a number of challenges,including resource constraints,the dominance of smallholder farmers on the production side,unbalanced dietary structure,and sizable food loss and waste.The paper finally proposes the agri-food system transformation pathways under the Greater Food approach to overcome these challenges and achieve the win-win of lower GHG emissions and food security.

关 键 词：大食物观 农业食物系统 碳减排 粮食安全 权衡与协同 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]