2016—2021年某二级综合医院医院感染发病率趋势分析  

Trend of incidence rate of nosocomial infection in a secondary general hospital from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：李婷[1] 唐晓燕[1] 蒋春华[1] 彭虹 陈静 LI Ting;TANG Xiao-yan;JIANG Chun-hua;PENG Hong;CHEN Jing(Seventh people’s Hospital of Chongqing,Chongqing 400054,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市第七人民医院,重庆400054

出　　处：《中国消毒学杂志》2023年第5期352-356,共5页Chinese Journal of Disinfection

摘　　要：目的分析某二级综合医院连续6年医院感染综合性监测结果。方法选取某二级综合医院2016年1月—2021年12月住院患者为研究对象,采用回顾性分析方法,对医院感染发病率趋势、医院感染部位和医院感染病原体分布情况进行统计分析。结果2016—2021年该院医院感染发病率范围为0.30%~0.58%,呈下降趋势(趋势卡方检验χ^(2)=41.293,P<0.001);重症医学科医院感染发病率范围为1.92%~5.71%,呈下降趋势(趋势卡方检验χ^(2)=5.584,P<0.05);内科总医院感染发病率范围为0.22%~0.59%,呈下降趋势(趋势卡方检验χ^(2)=41.593,P<0.001);外科总医院感染发病率差异无统计学意义。医院感染部位分布以下呼吸道和泌尿道为主,分别占32.78%和31.00%。医院感染病原体以革兰阴性菌为主,占59.51%,革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌为主;革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主;真菌以白色念珠菌为主。历年构成比最高的医院感染病原体2016—2019年和2021年均为大肠埃希菌,2020年为鲍曼不动杆菌。结论二级综合医院的医院感染发病率呈下降趋势,但仍需高度重视下呼吸道和泌尿道感染的防控。Objective To analyze the comprehensive monitoring results of nosocomial infection in a secondary general hospital for 6 consecutive years.Methods Inpatients in a secondary general hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects,and the incidence trend of nosocomial infection,nosocomial infection site and nosocomial infection pathogen distribution were statistically analyzed by retrospective analysis.Results From 2016 to 2021,the incidence rates of nosocomial infections in this hospital ranged between 0.30%-0.58%and tended to decline(χ^(2)=41.293,P<0.001).The incidence rates of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit ranged between 1.92%-5.71%and tended to decline(χ^(2)=5.584,P<0.05).It ranged between 0.22%-0.59%in the Department of Internal Medicine and tended to decline(χ^(2)=41.593,P<0.001).But it was not statistically significant in the Department of Surgical Medicine.The key sites of nosocomial infection were lower respiratory tract(32.78%)and urinary tract(31.00%).The pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infection were gram-negative bacteria(59.51%)which mainly Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.G^(+)bacteria were mainly Staphylococcus aureus,and fungi were mainly Candida albicans.The pathogens of nosocomial infection which had the highest constituent ratio over the years were Escherichia coli(in 2016,2017,2018,2019,and 2021)and Acinetobacter baumannii(in 2020).Conclusion The incidence rate of nosocomial infection in this general hospital tends to decline.However,the lower respiratory tract and urinary tract infection should be paid attention.

关 键 词：医院感染 发病率 感染部位 病原菌 趋势分析 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]