苏打盐碱地水稻秆腐菌核病危害特征及其防治关键技术  

Effects of sclerotiniose blight of rice stem rot on 1000-grain weight and chalkiness rate of rice in Soda Saline-Alkali Soil and the control effect of silicon fertilizer on the disease

作　　者：张佳环[1] 王贺[1] 金哲宇[2] 高明瑞 杨福[3] 李景鹏[3] 张治安[1] ZHANG Jiahuan;WANG He;JIN Zheyu;GAO Mingrui;YANG Fu;LI Jingpeng;ZHANG Zhian(College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Science,Baicheng 137000,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology,Chinese Academy of Science,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省白城市农业科学院植物保护研究所,白城137000 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2023年第3期272-278,共7页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省科技攻关计划重点科技攻关项目(20170204008NY);吉林省重大科技攻关专项(20130204036NY)。

摘　　要：选用了“通科37”“吉农大521”“广稻1号”“松粳18”和“龙洋17”5个水稻品种进行田间小区试验。采用田间五点取样法、以0~9病情分级为标准,分析水稻秆腐菌核病对水稻千粒重和垩白率的影响。结果表明:秆腐菌核病可导致水稻千粒重降低,垩白率增加;5个水稻品种的千粒重与秆腐菌核病的病级均呈极显著负相关,垩白率与秆腐菌核病的病级均呈极显著正相关。选取“长白九”水稻品种,在水稻孕穗期和抽穗期进行液体益地硅和固体活性水溶硅防效试验。结果显示:硅肥能显著降低水稻秆腐菌核病的病情指数,且病情指数在施用液体和固体硅肥后差异显著。此研究结果可有效控制苏打盐碱地水稻秆腐菌核病的发生和病情蔓延,并为开发新型绿色防治试剂提供新途径。Five rice varieties'Tongke 37','Jinong 521','Guangdao 1','Songjing 18'and'Longyang 17'were selected for field plot experiment.Five-point sampling method and 0-9 disease classification were used to analyze the effects of rice stalk rot Scleortiumoryzae on 1000-grain weight and chalkiness rate of rice.The results showed that Sclerotiniasclerotiorum could reduce 1000-grain weight and increase chalkiness rate of rice;The 1000-grain weight of five rice varieties was negatively correlated with the disease grade of Scleortiumoryzae,the chalkiness rate was positively correlated with the disease grade of Scleortiumoryzae.The control effects of liquid beneficiary silicon and solid active water-soluble silicon on rice variety'Changbai 9'were studied at booting and heading stages.The results showed that silicon fertilizer could significantly reduce the disease index of Scleortiumoryzae,and the disease index showed significant difference after applying liquid and solid silicon fertilizer.The results of this study can effectively control the occurrence of rice stem rot Sclerotiniasclerotiorum in Soda Saline-Alkali Soil and provide a new way for the development of new green control reagents.

关 键 词：苏打盐碱地 水稻 秆腐菌核病 千粒重 垩白率 硅肥 

分 类 号：S432[农业科学—植物病理学]