人参栽培对土壤原核微生物群落结构及其功能的影响  

Effects of ginseng cultivation on soil prokaryotic microbial community structure and function

作　　者：张伟[1,2] 王威 王丽[3] 郭冰珠 潘静 崔俊涛 ZHANG Wei;WANG Wei;WANG Li;GUO Bingzhu;PAN Jing;CUI Juntao(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Changchun Polytechnic,Changchun 130033,China;Changchun Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Chaoyang District,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]长春职业技术学院,长春130033 [3]长春市朝阳区农业技术推广总站,长春130012

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2023年第3期298-306,共9页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20160204006YY,20191102042YY)。

摘　　要：针对人参连作障碍问题,以长白山区未开垦的森林土壤、林地栽培人参2年土壤和休闲2年的老参地土壤为供试材料,采用高通量测序方法,对3种土壤微生物群落结构及其功能差异进行研究,以期为人参连作障碍的理论和实践研究提供数据参考。共获得24门、54纲、107目、199科、297属和374种原核微生物。结果表明:森林土壤开发成人参栽培土壤后,其原核微生物物种组成被改变,土壤微生物的Alpha多样性表现出增加的趋势,共18个土著原核微生物种随着人参栽培年限的延长,相对丰度不断降低;同时有19个外来原核微生物种随着人参栽培年限的延长,相对丰度不断升高。人参栽培改变了森林土壤原核微生物群落结构、能量代谢和物质代谢途径,群落能级表现出降低的趋势,物质代谢从碳水化合物代谢向脂类代谢和氨基酸代谢类型转变,进而改变了土壤的功能。提出土壤DNA提取和混样方法,即分别提取土壤样本DNA,再混合DNA进行样本混合。研究土壤微生物的群落结构不仅要关注相对丰度较高的种群,同时还要兼顾相对丰度较低种群的动态。The ginseng continuous cropping obstacle is a difficult problem that has not been solved in theory or practice in the history of ginseng cultivation.For a long time,different scholars have studied extensively from different points of view,but they have not explained why the change of soil microorganisms was the internal cause of ginseng continuous cropping obstacle.In order to provide data reference for theoretical and practical research on continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng,high-throughput sequencing was used to preliminarily study the structure and functional differences of soil microbial communities in soil of uncultivated forest,soil of cultivated ginseng for 2 years and soil of old ginseng field without planting anything for 2 years in Changbai Mountains.In this study,24 phyla,54 classes,107 orders,199 families,297 genera and 374 species of prokaryotic microorganisms were obtained.The results showed that:1.The species composition of prokaryotic microorganisms in forest soils changed after the development of adult ginseng cultivated soils in the forest,and the diversity of Alpha of soil microorganisms showed an increasing tendency.A total of 18 indigenous species of soils developed for ginseng cultivation have disappeared with the extension of ginseng cultivation years,and their relative abundance has declined to the old ginseng field.At the same time,19 exotic species invaded and planted when the relative abundance of ginseng increased to the old ginseng field with the extension of cultivation years.2.Ginseng cultivation changed the structure of prokaryotic microbial community,energy metabolism and material metabolism pathway in forest soil.The energy of community showed a decreasing trend.The material metabolism changed from carbohydrate metabolism to lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism,and then changed the function of soil.The methods of extracting and mixing soil DNA and how to understand the structure of soil microbial community were discussed.The methods of extracting soil sample DNA and mi

关 键 词：人参 连作障碍 原核微生物 群落结构 KEGG 高通量测序法 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培]