《广舆胜览》与《皇清职贡图》的关系  

Relationship between the Exhausting Overview of All Parts of the Empire and the Qing Imperial Illustrations of Tributary Peoples

作　　者：杨扬 Yang Yang(the National Museum of China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆

出　　处：《美术》2023年第6期110-117,共8页Art Magazine

摘　　要：中国国家博物馆藏《广舆胜览》册,所绘为清代外国及各省少数民族图像,装裱形制与绘制风格均有鲜明的清宫画院制作特点,但无题款、署名、钤印、题跋等信息,宫中各处档案也未见著录。《广舆胜览》所绘图像及图说,与乾隆年间制作的《皇清职贡图》卷高度一致。《皇清职贡图》是乾隆朝为了彰显文治武功,实现国家大一统理想而进行的大型图像工程,历时弥久,影响深远。通过对《皇清职贡图》制作过程进行梳理,并结合宫中档案分析,可推测四册本《广舆胜览》并非呈进给皇帝的正式绘册,而是《皇清职贡图》四卷本绘制前的最后一版草稿。从画风和用笔细节推断,其作者很有可能就是宫廷画家金廷标。本文明确了《广舆胜览》在《在皇清职贡图》制作过程中的定位和作用,并提出,在一次次誊写摹绘中,图像和文字不可避免地会发生遗漏和误读。作为新材料,《广舆胜览》对解读历史上的民族图像具有重要的价值。the Exhausting Overview of All Parts of the Empire(Guangyu Shenglan)collected by the National Museum of China incorporates paintings of foreign countries and ethnic minorities in various provinces of the Qing Dynasty.Its mounting and drawing styles are in line with those of paintings created by the Qing Court Painting Academy;but there is neither title,signature,seal or inscription,nor descriptions in archives across the Court.Images and captions in the Overview are highly consistent with those in the Qing Imperial Illustrations of Tributary Peoples(Huang Qing Zhi Gong Tu)created during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.The latter was a long-lasting,large-scale project with far-reaching impacts,which was carried out to demonstrate great achievements of the Emperor in politics and military and to realize the ideal of national unification.After teasing out the creation process of the Illustrations and analyzing archives in the Court,the author speculates that the four-volume Overview was not presented to the Emperor,but the last draft of the Illustrations.Judging from the painting style and details of brushwork,this paper believes that the painter of the Overview might be Jin Tingbiao.Besides,this paper clarifies the role of the Overview in the creation of the Illustrations,and points out that images and characters are inevitably omitted and misunderstood in repeated transcription.As a new material,the Overview is of great value in interpreting images of ethnic groups in history.

关 键 词：广舆胜览 皇清职贡图 职方会览 民族图像 

分 类 号：J209.2[艺术—美术]