纵向府际关系视角下的政府生态治理态度与注意力配置  

Government attitude and attention allocation on ecological governance in the context of vertical intergovernmental relations

作　　者：卢良栋 徐正健 魏玖长 徐佳[1] LU Liangdong;XU Zhengjian;WEI Jiuchang;XU Jia(Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;School of Public Affairs,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Center for Crisis Management Research,School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学商学院,南京211100 [2]中国科学技术大学公共事务学院,合肥230026 [3]清华大学公共管理学院应急管理研究基地,北京100084

出　　处：《资源科学》2023年第4期706-720,共15页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71902178,72004213,72025402)。

摘　　要：【目的】由于政府的决策过程遵循“满意”原则而非“最优”原则,使态度成为决策过程中的关键要素,特别是在纵向府际关系中,上级政府的态度往往对于下级政府的决策至关重要。本文从这一视角出发,旨在研究上级政府的生态治理态度如何作用于下级政府的注意力配置,为优化地方政府的生态治理注意力配置提供依据。【方法】基于主题模型和机器学习方法,本文对3648份省市级政府工作报告(2010—2021年)进行了逐句学习,测度和分析了省市级政府的生态治理态度和注意力配置。【结果】①上级政府生态治理态度能够直接和间接作用于下级政府的注意力配置,下级政府自身的生态治理态度在其中发挥了部分中介作用。②正面或负面态度对注意力的影响存在差异性,在其他条件相同的情况下,上级政府生态治理负面态度的增加会显著提升下级政府的注意力配置,体现了负面态度的“威慑效应”;而上级政府正面态度的提高则会降低下级政府的注意力配置,体现了地方政府注意力在不同议题间的竞争关系和“挤出效应”。本文通过使用网络问政数据源度量政府注意力、检验“安全生产”议题下的“态度-注意力”关系对结果进行了稳健性检验。【结论】研究认为态度是影响政府注意力配置的重要因素,需要重视政府态度作为一种管理信号的作用,将政府态度的表达框架作为重要的管理抓手,合理调控地方政府的生态治理注意力配置。[Objective]Because the decision-making process of the government follows the principle of“satisfaction”rather than“optimization”,attitude becomes a key element in the decision-making process.From this perspective,this study examined how the ecological governance attitude of higher-level government acts on the attention allocation of lower-level governments.[Methods]Based on the topic model and machine learning techniques,this study examined 3648 provincial and municipal government work reports(2010-2021)sentence by sentence.Then the ecological governance attitude and attention allocation of the provincial and municipal governments were measured and analyzed.[Results]The study found that the ecological governance attitude of higher-level governments can directly and indirectly act on the attention allocation of lower-level governments,and the ecological governance attitude of lower-level governments themselves plays a mediation role in the process.There are differences in the influence of different attitudes on attention.The increase of negative attitude of higher-level governments towards ecological governance significantly improves the attention allocation of lower-level governments,indicating the“deterrent effect”of negative attitude;while the improvement of the positive attitude of higher-level governments reduces the attention allocation of lower-level governments,which indicate the competitive relationship and“crowding out effect”of different issues on local governments’attention.The results were also verified through robustness tests,including measuring government attention by governance data on the Internet,and testing the“attitude-attention”relationship under the issue of“production safety”.[Conclusion]This article argued that the government should pay attention to the role of government attitude as a management signal,and take the expression framework of government attitude as an important management tool,to reasonably regulate the attention allocation of ecological governance o

关 键 词：生态治理 政府态度 注意力配置 政府工作报告 文本分析 主题模型 机器学习 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] D630[政治法律—政治学]