两种潜在益生芽孢杆菌对大口黑鲈生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of two probiotics on growth,digestion,immunity,and intestinal microbial communities of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

作　　者：王世贵 闫法军 张明磊 冒树泉 朱永安 付朝松 宋理平 刘峰 WANG Shigui;YAN Fajun;ZHANG Minglei;MAO Shuquan;ZHU Yong’an;FU Chaosong;SONG Liping;LIU Feng(College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Freshwater Genetics and Breeding,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]山东省淡水渔业研究院,山东省淡水水产遗传育种重点实验室,山东济南250013

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第4期479-491,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓科技创新专项(2020YFD0900405);山东省重点研发计划项目(2021CXGC010806);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019PC018).

摘　　要：选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌,探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36)g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加104和10^(6) CFU/g的B.tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M.idriensis(MI4、MI6)],饲喂期为60 d。生长试验结果表明,各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而饲料系数均显著低于对照组且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示,各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组,其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫实验结果表明,各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显著提升(P<0.05),说明菌株对血清和肠道免疫功能均有显著提高作用,但比较发现,总体以BT6与MI6的免疫增强效果最佳。肠道菌群高通量测序结果显示,支原菌属(Mycoplasma)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群;各组比较发现,BT6、MI6与对照之间在OTU数量、多样性指数及菌群结构上差异最明显,BT6可降低主要优势菌支原菌属(P<0.05)和多数劣势菌群的丰度来提高菌群均一性进而提高菌群多样性,而MI6可促进多数劣势类群的生长来提高菌群丰富度和均一性进而提高菌群多样性,这反映了不同菌株对肠道菌群作用方式的差异。研究表明,热带芽孢杆菌和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌皆可作为益生菌株应用于大口黑鲈养殖,在本实验条件下最佳使用量均为10^(6) CFU/g,它们具有促进大口黑鲈生长、增强消化和免疫力、促进肠道菌群平衡及提高肠道In this study,the probiotic effects of Bacillus tropicus and Metabacillus idriensis on the growth,digestion,immunity,and intestinal microflora of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)were investigated by adding them separately at different concentrations to M.salmoides diets.The largemouth bass,with an initial body weight of(92.95±2.36)g,were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates each.The fish were fed a basal diet(labeled as the control group)or four experimental diets(supplemented in the basal diet with 104 and 10^(6) CFU/g B.tropicus(BT4 and BT6,respectively)or M.idriensis(MI4 and MI6,respectively))for 60 days.The results of growth performance showed that the final body weight,weight gain rate,and specific growth rate of largemouth bass in all bacterial groups were higher than those in the control group,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05).However,the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in each bacterial group than in the control,which also significantly decreased with the increase in supplemented concentration for each strain(P<0.05).The digestion results showed that the activities of intestinal amylase and protease of each bacterial group were all significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and BT6 and MI6 generally exhibited optimum results for digestion improvement.The results of the immune response showed that all bacterial treatments significantly increased the activities of acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase,and lysozyme(LZM)in the sera of the largemouth bass,as well as the activities of intestinal LZM and superoxide dismutase(P<0.05).In comparison,BT6 and MI6 both showed optimal immune enhancement results in general.The intestinal microbial results from high-throughput sequencing showed that Mycoplasma,Plesiomonas,and Cetobacterium were the dominant bacteria in the intestines of the largemouth bass.Compared with the control group,BT6 and MI6 exhibited distinct differences in the number of OTUs,diversity indices,and microflora structure.BT6 s

关 键 词：热带芽孢杆菌 传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌 大口黑鲈 生长 消化 免疫 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]