多级票价下高速铁路列车嵌套票额控制方法  

Nested Booking-limit Control for High-speed Train Under Multiple Fare Classes

作　　者：王晓兰 郝钢 骆泳吉 WANG Xiaolan;HAO Gang;LUO Yongji(National Railway Administration of the People's Republic of China,Center of Market Monitoring and Evaluation,Beijing 100891,China;Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Transportation and Logistics,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]国家铁路局,市场监测评价中心,北京100891 [2]西南交通大学,交通运输与物流学院,成都611756

出　　处：《综合运输》2023年第6期62-67,共6页China Transportation Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72101218)。

摘　　要：我国高速铁路运力的大幅提升有效缓解了一票难求的现象,但也带来部分列车上座率不佳的问题。采用多等级票价来吸引更多购票需求,可以减少运力浪费并提高售票收益。本文重点研究多等级票价体系下高速铁路列车席位控制方式、票额方案及售票过程。通过分析收益管理存量控制方式的控制机制和主要特点,提出适用于多等级票价体系的列车票额嵌套控制方式。在此基础上,构建多等级票价下的票额分配模型以及基于价格等级的嵌套票额生成方法。进一步,研究嵌套控制方式下购票请求的处理逻辑及嵌套票额的更新过程。通过仿真对比测试,相比传统的分割式控制方式,嵌套式控制平均提高了3.9%的票款收入,证明了嵌套票额控制对于多等级票价体系的适配性与有效性。In recent years, the substantial increase in the capacity of China's high-speed rail has effectively alleviated the phenomenon that the railway ticket is difficult to book, but there arises a problem that the capacity of some high-speed trains is poorly utilized. The adoption of multiple fare classes can attract more passengers, therefore reduces the waste of train capacity and increases the revenue. This paper mainly studies the control type of seat inventory, the seat allocation solution and the booking process for high-speed trains with multiple fare classes. By analyzing the control mechanism and key features of inventory controls in revenue management, a nesting control is proposed for rail with multiple fare classes. On this basis, the seat allocation model and the calculation of nested booking limits are studied. Further, the processing logic of booking request and updating rules of nested booking limits are developed. Through simulation comparison tests, the proposed nesting control method achieves 3.9% revenue improvement compared to the traditional partitioned booking control, which certifies that the nesting control is more proper to multi-fare structure.

关 键 词：高速铁路 客运营销 收益管理 多等级票价 嵌套控制 票额分配 

分 类 号：U293.22[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]