从驿站运营看乌尔第三王朝国家治理中的二元结构  

Dualism in the Governance of the Ur Ⅲ Dynasty on the Operation of Road Stations

作　　者：李智 Li Zhi

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2023年第6期4-11,共8页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"苏美尔人的信息网络与国家治理"(项目批号:22CSS020)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在公元前21世纪的古代西亚两河流域地区,苏美尔人建立的乌尔第三王朝在近一百年的时间内建立起统一的中央集权国家.从王朝建立之初就开始建设的道路与驿站体系,对政令的传达及在辽阔疆域内进行国家治理都起到了至关重要的作用.这一时期的驿站主要分为温马省和吉尔苏省的"信使之屋"与伊利萨格瑞格行省的"国王的道路之屋"两种类型.它们在内部结构、接待人员、提供补给等方面呈现出明显的差异,反映着当时国家在治理实践中面对地方行省的强大,选择扶持与王室关系密切的省份对其进行制衡.这种苏美尔人国家治理中的二元结构,一直持续到王朝末期,并最终形成地方行省衰微与王室行省强大的格局.In the 21^(th)-century B.C.in ancient western Asia,the Ur III Dynasty,founded by the Sumerie established a unified and centralized state over a period of nearly 100 years.The road and post system,which was build from the very beginning of the dynasty,played a crucial role in the communication of governmental orders and the administration of the state over a vast territory.The road stations of this period were divided into two types:the"messenger's house"in the provinces of Umma and Girsu,and the"king's road house"'in the province of Irisagrig.The difference in the internal structure,reception staff,and provision of supplies reflect the fact that the state,faced with the power of the local provinces,chose to support the provinces with close ties to the royal family to counterbalance them in its governance practices.This dualistic structure in Sumerian state governance continued until the end of the dynasty,and eventually led to a situation of declining local provinces and strong royal provinces.

关 键 词：乌尔第三王朝 驿站体系 国家治理 

分 类 号：K12[历史地理—历史学]