乡村聚落分布与功能研究进展及展望--从城镇化到城乡融合  

A literature review of spatial distribution and function of rural settlements and its research prospects:From urbanization to urban-rural integration in China

作　　者：陈诚[1,2] 高金龙 曹辉[1,2] CHEN Cheng;GAO Jinlong;CAO Hui(Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 210008,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture&Environmental Protection,Huaian 223300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所/中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,南京210008 [2]江苏省区域现代农业与环境保护协同创新中心,淮安223300

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第6期1480-1491,共12页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171211、41971215、41901215);江苏省区域现代农业与环境保护协同创新中心团队集体攻关项目(HSXT30512)。

摘　　要：城镇化改变了城乡要素流动格局,重塑了乡村人地关系和乡村发展要素格局,推动了乡村经济社会活动载体--聚落的时空演进。基于此逻辑主线,本文梳理乡村聚落分布与功能研究的相关文献,归纳城镇化与城乡融合过程中中国乡村聚落空间形态、分布及功能的时空变迁、影响因素及其作用机制,展望未来乡村聚落演进研究的重点。结果表明:人口增长、农业生产力进步与非农经济发展,推动乡村聚落空间扩张和功能多元化;城镇化过程中乡村人口外流,导致乡村聚落外扩内空;农村土地整治和村镇规划引导,促进乡村聚落空间收缩和内部重组;但是后疫情时代和城镇化后期乡村聚落空间转型面临宏观经济波动、外生动力不可持续、内生能力不足等挑战。新阶段乡村聚落研究需要重点关注:乡村聚落演进动力体系的复杂嬗变、乡村聚落演进时空轨迹变异和空间分化、乡村聚落活力的评估与跟踪监测研究。The urbanization makes a great contribution to the remarkable change of socialeconomic elements flow between rural and urban areas and reshapes the human-land relations and the configurating patterns of economic development factors in rural areas,as well as produces the changeable rural settlement pictures across different regions.Considering this storyline,this paper reviews the research work on the rural settlements'spatial distribution and functions in rural China in recent years.It mainly focuses on the evolution trajectory of spatial distribution and functions of rural settlements and the driving mechanisms behind it within the great urbanization process in China,and the new and key fields in the future academic discussion on the spatial transition of rural settlements.We believe that the great explosion of rural population,the significant increase in agricultural productivity and the booming nonagricultural economy since the reform and opening-up in the late 1970s,not only facilitated the rural settlement expansion,but also promoted the diversification of functions of rural settlements,and that the ongoing exodus of rural population as a result of rapid urbanization has led to the severe rural hollowing,and the later rural construction land consolidation campaigns and rural settlement planning supported by the central and local governments also promoted the spatial shrinkage of rural settlements and the restructuring of the functional space within hamlets.However,the emerging economic headwinds and slow global economic recovery in the post-pandemic era,the unsustainable external factors closely linked to the little feasibility of rural construction land consolidation campaign in the coming years and relatively weak internal capacity related to aging rural population will impose significant pressures on the ongoing rural settlement transition,and the sustainable development of rural settlements in China might face imaginable uncertainties in the coming decades.We propose that the upcoming research on the rur

关 键 词：城乡融合 乡村聚落 空间分布 聚落功能 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理] F299.21[社会学] F323