秦巴山区县域乡村发展水平的空间分异、影响因素与优化策略--以陕西山阳县为例  

Spatial differentiation,influencing factors and optimization strategies of rural development level in counties of Qinling-Daba mountains:A case study of Shanyang county in Shaanxi province

作　　者：王建成 李同昇[1,3] 朱炳臣 WANG Jiancheng;LI Tongsheng;ZHU Bingchen(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Urban Planning and Design,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Shaanxi Provincial Conditions,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]西安建筑科技大学城市规划设计研究院,西安710055 [3]陕西省情研究院,西安710127

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第6期1506-1527,共22页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771129)。

摘　　要：秦巴山区是全国相对贫困的集中区域,乡村发展基础弱,乡村振兴面临挑战大。本文以位于秦巴山区腹地的陕西山阳县为例,从交易效率角度,运用新兴古典模型和空间自相关分析法探究山阳县乡村发展水平、类型和空间格局,利用随机森林回归与地理探测器模型分析乡村发展水平空间分异的主导因素与交互作用,揭示了乡村发展水平空间分异的动力机制,提出了不同发展水平地域类型的乡村振兴对策。研究表明:①山阳县乡村整体发展能力较弱,83.5%的乡村处于自给自足的发展阶段,发展水平可分为轻度、中度、重度自给自足型与富足型4类,空间集聚性较强,地域分异特征显著,自给自足度高值主要集中在4大热点区和3小热点区,自给自足度低值主要集中在1大冷点区和3小冷点区。②坡度、农业科技采用、高程、新型经营主体带动、乡村能人带动、农业产业集群发展、农业专业化程度、耕地破碎度等是影响山阳县乡村发展水平地域分异的8个主导因素,乡村发展水平多受双因素共同作用,农业科技采用、新型经营主体带动、乡村能人带动、农业专业化生产与农业产业集群发展等对乡村交易效率与发展水平提升的驱动作用显著,可有效突破资源环境的制约。③商品化率的提高可显著提升乡村发展水平,但并非商品化率越高,乡村发展水平就越高,还与商品交易规模、价格、成本以及乡村发展阶段有关,山区乡村发展水平的提升有赖于商品化率与交易效率的同步提高。④山阳县应结合影响乡村发展的主导因素与驱动机理,因地制宜、分区分类施策,通过优化作土关系、高效配置土地资源、加强农业科技采用、建设农业产业集群以及建构市场网络、发挥品牌效应等新内生式发展路径,提升乡村交易效率,提高农业产业发展水平,促进人-地-业系统耦合协同发展。Qinling-Daba(Qinba)mountains area is a concentrated area of relative poverty in China.The foundation of rural development is weak,and rural revitalization faces great challenges.This paper takes Shanyang county in Shaanxi province,which is located in the hinterland of Qinba mountains region,as a case,from the perspective of transaction efficiency We use the neoclassical model and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to explore the level type and spatial pattern of rural development,and examine the dominant factors and interactions of spatial differentiation of rural development level by random forest regression and Geodetector.It also reveals the dynamic mechanism of the spatial differentiation of rural development level,and puts forward the rural revitalization countermeasures for different types of development level.The results showed that:(1)The overall development capability of rural areas in Shanyang county is weak,and 83.5%of the villages are in the development stage of self-sufficiency.The rural development level can be divided into four categories:mild,moderate,severe self-sufficiency and abundance.The spatial agglomeration is strong and the regional differentiation is significant.The high value of self-sufficiency is mainly concentrated in four main hot spots and three small hot spots,and the low value of self-sufficiency is mainly concentrated in one main cold spot and three small cold spots.(2)Slope,agricultural science and technology adoption,elevation,new business entities,rural elites,agricultural industry cluster development,agricultural specialization,and cultivated land fragmentation are the dominant factors affecting the regional differentiation of rural development level in the study area.The level of rural development is mostly affected by two factors.The application of agricultural science and technology,the promotion of new business entities,the participation of rural elites,the development of agricultural specialized production and agricultural industry clusters have a significant drivin

关 键 词：乡村振兴 自给自足 交易效率 地域分异 影响因素 山阳县 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济] TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]