单分子科学的机遇与挑战  

Opportunities and challenges of single molecule science

作　　者：程丽 贾传成 郭雪峰 Li Cheng;Chuangcheng Jia;Xuefeng Guo(Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University;National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学电子信息与光学工程学院,天津市微尺度光学信息技术科学重点实验室,新物质创造前沿科学中心,现代光学研究所,单分子科学研究中心,天津300350 [2]北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京分子科学国家研究中心,国家生物医学成像科学中心,北京100871

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第17期2155-2173,共19页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1200102,2022YFE0128700,2021YFA1200101);国家自然科学基金(21727806,22075310,21933001,22150013,22173050);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(63223056);南开大学有机新物质创造前沿科学中心(63181206);北京分子科学国家研究中心(BNLMS202105);腾讯科学探索奖资助。

摘　　要：单分子作为物质世界中独立稳定的最小单元,是构造物质的基本单元,是最稳定的量子化单元.单分子研究是对人类表征和检测技术极限的挑战,已经成为各国竞争的制高点.单分子科学作为一个前沿交叉领域,融合了分子结构设计、单分子超分辨、单分子物理化学性质研究、理论模拟等多层面工作,孕育着不可估量的突破.本综述以单分子科学为主题,对该领域的整体发展概况和突破性成果进行系统梳理.首先,从基础科学与应用两个层面介绍单分子科学与技术研究的意义;然后,重点阐述基于电学、力学、光谱学等技术对单分子不同维度性质进行表征的进展,并着重介绍我国学者为推动单分子科学研究领域发展所作出的巨大贡献;最后,归纳并展望未来单分子科学领域发展所面临的机遇与挑战.Single-molecule science focuses its perspective on the microscopic scale,reveals a series of novel phenomena and properties different from macroscopic materials,and effectively circumvents the interference of ensemble average.Meanwhile,the construction of functional devices based on single molecules is expected to meet the demand for miniaturization and high integration of electronic devices,thus conforming to the national strategies for device miniaturization in the information field.Specifically,single-molecule science studies multi-dimensional contents,such as molecular conformation design,single-molecule super-resolution imaging/mechanical manipulation,and characterization/theoretical simulation of single-molecule physical and chemical properties.As an advanced interdisciplinary field,singlemolecule science can inject impetus into the continuous development of multiple disciplines,such as physics,chemistry,biology and materials,and has become the commanding heights of competition in the world.There are many interesting and elegant opportunities in the field of single-molecule science,and great progress has been made so far.For example,single-molecule junction electrical platforms allow real-time adjustment of the physical properties of single molecules and capture of transition states in chemical reactions.At the same time,single-molecule junctions also show satisfactory results in the construction of single-molecule electronic devices including field-effect transistors,rectifiers and switches.Advances in micro-nano characterization technologies represented by high-resolution scanning probes enable molecular imaging at the single-bond level.In the meantime,with the help of atomic force microscopy,magnetic tweezers,optical tweezers and other sophisticated mechanical instruments,it is possible to achieve reliable manipulation of the movement and chemical reaction process of individual molecules.In addition to these,the combination of nanomaterials and single molecules promotes the implementation of new function

关 键 词：单分子器件 扫描探针 单分子光学 单分子力学 纳米结构 

分 类 号：O64[理学—物理化学]