单分子电子学的实验研究进展及未来10年展望:从器件到应用  

Recent experimental advances and prospects for the next decade of single-molecule electronics:From devices to applications

作　　者：洪文晶 Wenjing Hong(National Engineering Research Centre of Chemicals for Electronic Manufacturing,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces,Institute of Artificial Intelligence,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学化学化工学院,人工智能研究院,固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,高端电子化学品国家工程研究中心(重组),厦门361005

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第17期2197-2212,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22250003,21722305,21673195);国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0204902)资助。

摘　　要：单分子电子学的初衷是采用单个分子这种极致尺寸结构精确可控的材料作为电子器件的功能单元,以此来应对半导体器件尺寸的小型化进程.从第一次实验测试到单分子电导开始,单分子电子学经历了25年的发展,逐渐衍生出两条研究路线:一条是延续该领域的初心,通过采用单个分子构筑半导体器件,进而实现逻辑运算乃至分子计算芯片;另一条是开辟新的研究领域,采用单分子电子学技术作为单分子尺度物理化学过程的表征方法和研究工具.本文沿着单分子电子学的发展脉络,简述单分子电子学领域的重要研究进展,并对该领域未来发展趋势及所面临的挑战进行展望.The original idea of single-molecule electronics is to fabricate electronic devices with smaller sizes,lower power consumption and better functionality using individual molecules in order to push the miniaturization of semiconductor devices.Since the first experimental measurement of single-molecule conductance in 1997,the early-stage development of single-molecule electronics aims at the electrical measurement of molecular devices.Since then,two main single-molecule electrical characterization techniques have been developed.One is the dynamic break junction techniques,such as the mechanically controllable break junction(MCBJ) technique,scanning tunneling microscope break junction(STMBJ)technique and conducting probe atomic force microscopy(CP-AFM) technique.The other one is the static junction technique using nano-gapped graphene/silicon electrode arrays,and the molecules can bridge the gap through intermolecular interactions or covalent bonds.After the characterization of single-molecule conductance became possible,single-molecule electronics developed in two directions:One is to continue the research toward the initial goal by using an individual molecule to construct electronic devices for logical operations and even molecular computing chips.Along this line,various single-molecule electronic devices,such as diodes,transistors,memristors,and thermoelectric devices,have been achieved.Moreover,numerous unique quantum phenomena,including coulomb blockade,quantum interference effects,the Kondo effect,spin-dependent charge transport properties and thermoelectric effects have been observed experimentally during this process,leading to the improved performance of single-molecule electronic devices.The other promising direction is to employ single-molecule electrical techniques as a characterization tool for physical and chemical processes at the single-molecule scale.For instance,the single-molecule junction technique can generate oriented-external electric fields with tunable strengths of up to 108V/m,providing a u

关 键 词：单分子 分子电子学 分子器件 量子干涉 电场效应 

分 类 号：TB30[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TN03[电子电信—物理电子学]