蔚县盆地吉家庄旧石器遗址动物骨骼的埋藏学分析  

A taphonomic analysis of faunal remains from the Jijiazhuang Paleolithic site in the Yuxian Basin

作　　者：杜雨薇 张乐[1,2] 叶芷[1,2,3] 裴树文 DU Yuwei;ZHANG Yue;YE Zhi;PEI Shuwen(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing,100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《人类学学报》2023年第3期359-372,共14页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41872029);科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1521500)。

摘　　要：泥河湾盆地南部蔚县盆地区域的河湖相地层发育良好,并保存有丰富的考古材料与人类活动信息,在研究我国北方中更新世人类演化与行为方面有重要的价值。本文对蔚县盆地吉家庄遗址群4个地点出土的动物遗存进行了初步埋藏学观察与研究。结果显示,A与D地点的动物骨骼数量较少,反映的埋藏信息有限,不作为本文主要讨论对象;E地点出土的部分动物骨骼带有异地埋藏的特点,人类行为信息可能受到干扰,变得模糊;B地点动物化石接近原地埋藏,中更新世古人类应该是该地点动物资源的初级利用者与动物骨骼富集的主要动因。分析表明,B地点古人类于原地对大中型食草动物进行了肢解、割肉与敲骨取髓等多种活动,随后食肉动物又利用了这些动物骨骼的剩余营养成分,但动物骨骼数量与组成说明古人类在此地点的生存活动是短暂且有限的。Yuxian Basin is located in the southeastern part of Nihewan Basin.Characterized by the presence of abundant archaeological materials from the well-preserved fluvio-lacustrine sequence of Middle Pleistocene Paleolithic sites,this basin bears significant implications for the study of human adaptive behaviors in North China.An analysis of the lithics from the Jijiazhuang site(JJZ)has highlighted the technological diversity of the Middle Pleistocene(MP)humans in the basin.However,little is known about human subsistence behaviors here.In this paper we present the results of a zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains from JJZ-A,JJZ-B,JJZ-D,and JJZ-E.While the limited number of animal specimens from JJZ-A and JJZ-D offers information of fauna,there can be ambiguities in the taphonomic interpretation;therefore,reconstruction of taphonomy of JJZ-A and JJZ-D is excluded.The research aim is to reconstruct taphonomic history of JJZ-B and JJZ-E and to investigate further potential transport and carcass processing decisions by early humans living at both sites.Our preliminary study shows that Equus sp.was the main animal species with Bovidae,Cervus sp.,Rhinocerotidae,and Gazella sp.also represented.There are fundamental differences between JJZ-B and JJZ-E in terms of taphonomy.For example,animal remains at JJZ-E were most probably preserved in secondary context;in contrast,bones from JJZ-B are largely found in primary context,with humans as main agent for the accumulation and modification of this assemblage.Construction of body part profiles of the main animal species form JJZ-B shows no trend in selective transport of animal parts at the site.Presence of cut marks indicates a variety of human activities,such as skinning,dismembering,and defleshing;while percussion traces on the bones suggests marrow extraction strategies.Being located on a lakeshore,the JJZ-B site was probably an optimal place for human subsistence activities such as procurement,butchering,and marrow-extraction of large-sized herbivores that were attr

关 键 词：动物考古学 埋藏学 中更新世 吉家庄 泥河湾盆地 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q915.23[历史地理—历史学]