北方传统聚落形态演进探析——以明代山东海防聚落为例  

Analysis of the Form Evolution of Traditional Settlements in Northern China:A Case Study ofthe Coastal Defense Forts of the Ming Dynasty in Shandong

作　　者：尹泽凯 张玉坤[2] 贾琦 谭立峰 田林 Yin Zekai;Zhang Yukun;Jia Qi;Tan Lifeng;Tian Lin(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Information Technology for Architectural Cultural Inheritance,Ministry of Cultural and Tourism,Tianjin 300072,China;College of Arts and Design,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450002,China;School of Architecture,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300072,China;Institute of Architecture and Public Art,Chinese National Academy of Arts,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院,北京100044 [2]天津大学建筑学院建筑和文化遗产传承文化和旅游部重点实验室,天津300072 [3]郑州轻工业大学艺术设计学院,河南郑州450002 [4]天津城建大学建筑学院,天津300384 [5]中国艺术研究院建筑与公共艺术研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2023年第3期77-84,共8页China Cultural Heritage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目:明代海防工程工事体系构成与影响机制研究(52078324)。

摘　　要：山东半岛地区的明代海防聚落是北方传统聚落的典型形式之一,其演进路径虽有自身的特色,但在聚落形态等方面却有较为广泛的代表性。本文通过分析明代山东半岛海防聚落的形态演进过程和现状,选取靖海卫、成山卫和雄崖所三座典型卫所,比较了其在区位、形态、规模、现状及发展进程等方面的异同。选择青岛市即墨区境内鳌山卫1990-2020年间的土地利用数据和地理空间数据云的数字高程模型数据,利用ArcGIS工具,将二级用地类型归并为七类,得到鳌山卫聚落形态演进进程。研究表明,在聚落形态的演进过程中,区位、地形、地质、景观等条件是基础,政府战略和政策是主导因素,交通条件的改善是助力,用地性质的改变是直接原因,人居环境的改善和人民收入的提升以及新产业带来的经济转型升级是目的和结果。因此,聚落形态的演变虽然受到多重因素的影响,但经济发展是其内在驱动力。All kinds of small and medium settlements are widely distributed in northern China,including a large number of traditional settlements,where the local living environment,living standard,and production level require urgent improvement.The coastal defense forts of the Ming Dynasty in the Shandong Peninsula are a typical form of traditional settlements in northern China,showing overall characteristics in terms of the settlement pattern in spite of various evolutionary paths.Through vertical and horizontal comparisons,a case study,classification,and example demonstration,this paper analyzes the coastal defense forts of the Ming Dynasty in Shandong from multiple dimensions and perspectives.It attempts to provide a comprehensive and three-dimensional understanding of the form evolution of the coastal defense forts of the Ming Dynasty in the long history of Chinese settlements and the various developments of settlements in the contemporaneous period.In vertical comparison,this paper places the coastal defense forts of the Ming Dynasty in the context of the development of traditional Chinese settlements,locating their historical position.In horizontal comparison,it focuses on the scale and form of the coastal defense forts of the Ming Dynasty(also using classification)and analyzes the differences between them and other settlements in the same period.Through the case study,it selects three typical forts(namely,Jinghaiwei,Chengshanwei,and Xiongyasuo)and compares their similarities and differences in terms of location,form,scale,current situation,and development.Finally,this paper used ArcGIS to classify second-grade land use into seven categories,with the data of the land use and the digital elevation model of geospatial data cloud of Aoshanwei in Jimo District,Qingdao between 1990 and 2020.It obtained the form evolution of the Aoshanwei settlement,analyzed its surroundings,form,scale,and development,and traced its cause.Research results show that in the form evolution of settlements,the basic conditions are location,topog

关 键 词：乡村振兴 北方传统聚落 形态演变 山东半岛 海防聚落 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济] K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K248[历史地理—历史学]