海外流失文物回流法律障碍及解决路径探析  

Analysis of the Solution Path and Legal Barriers in the Recovery of Lost Cultural Relics

作　　者：吴劭姮 Wu Shaoheng(Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2023年第3期104-112,共9页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：我国海外流失文物数量巨大,而能够成功回归的相对较少。实现海外流失文物回流的主要途径有回购、捐赠、利用国际条约与跨国文物追索诉讼等。回购与捐赠途径难以满足提高文物回流数量与效率的需要,利用国际条约与文物追索诉讼等法律途径,在实践中亦面临法律障碍。通过对实现文物回流途径及其存在的问题与法律障碍进行分析,结合目前我国海外流失文物回流现状与实践,从加强文物保护,维护国家利益的角度,提出加强国际合作、加强文物信息管理、建立文物追索机构和建立互利共赢的国际文化遗产交流平台等措施。Chinese cultural relics are lost overseas in the midst of fair trade,looting in wars,emigration,smuggling,proxy solicitation,and presentation,with few returned by buyback,donations,international conventions,transnational recovery suits and other channels.This paper analyzes the ways of the recovery of lost cultural relics and the legal barriers in practice.By analyzing the text of the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import,Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property and the UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects,we conclude that international conventions for retrieving lost cultural relics are of no retroactive force and of limited binding force,and the vague text of these conventions causes legal barriers in practice.Based on China’s domestic laws and conflict rules for international settlement of cultural property disputes,we find three legal barriers of problems in the subject qualification of retrieving lost cultural relics from overseas,the different conflict rules among countries.Four suggestions are presented for the ways of retrieving lost cultural relics from overseas and the barriers confronted.We should strengthen international cooperation for more perfect conventions;we should perfect domestic legislation and establish an agency for the recovery of lost cultural relics;we should establish a cultural relic archives database using big data to realize multi-dimensional information management;we should set up a mutually beneficial platform for international cultural heritage exchange.

关 键 词：海外流失文物 文物回流 国际公约 跨国文物追索 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]