秦“道”新证  

A New Research on Qin“Dao”

作　　者：郭涛[1] Guo Tao

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,武汉市430079

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2023年第2期124-139,215,216,共18页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“秦帝国末端行政运行研究”(19FZSB028)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：秦朝确立了地方上设“道”对少数族群聚居区进行治理的制度。作为县级特殊政区的“道”,最初可能取义于政治文化引导的期望。“道”制是秦的军事扩张和郡县化过程中折中的产物。“道”除有以族属命名的方式外,也有以山川类地理实体命名的;道以下并非不设乡里,而是采取乡里机构与部落组织并存的形式。道的行政归属,在区划和民政上属于郡,在少数族群事务管理方面则属于属邦,实行中央与地方的双重管理;同时,实行“道”制的地区,由中央派遣官吏和部落君长联合治理,是为中国古代民族管理政策之源头。The Qin Dynasty established“Dao(道)”for ethnic minority management in ancient China.As the special political district at the county level,“Dao”may initially get its name from the expectation of central government's political and cultural guidance to local people.“Dao”was the result of the political compromise with minority groups in Qin's military expansion and county-setting process.“Dao”is named not only after the names of ethnic groups but also after the names of geographical entity of mountains and rivers.It is not that there are no Xiang and li settings under the“Dao”,but that Xiang and Li coexisted with indigenous organizations.In administrative division and civil governance,“Dao”was under the jurisdiction of prefecture;in minority affairs management,“Dao”was responsible to Shubang(属邦)of the Central government.At the same time,in areas where the“Dao”is set up,the central governmentdispatched officials and local princes jointly administered the place,which is the source of China's ethnic management policies.

关 键 词：秦朝 道 出土文献 属邦 

分 类 号：K233[历史地理—历史学] D691.72[历史地理—中国史]