现代性中的传统:英印殖民统治和正统印度史学的创生  

Tradition in Modernity:The Raj and the Creation of an Orthodox Indian Historiography

作　　者：王立新[1] Wang Lixin(College of History and Culture,Center of Indian Studies,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院、印度研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第4期136-149,共14页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史研究专项一般委托项目“南亚文明的历史嬗变与时代特征研究”(21@WTA006)。

摘　　要：正统印度史学通过雅利安文明叙事建构了一个“传统性”的历史空间,而新印度史学通过以莫卧儿帝国为起点的新历史叙事建构了一个“现代性”的历史空间。以托马斯·梅特卡夫为代表的新印度史学家将正统印度史学解读为英印殖民统治的意识形态虚构。本文通过追溯正统印度史学产生的历史社会学脉络,表明正统印度史学的知识建构同18世纪中叶以后世界历史空间的现代转型和印度殖民地现代性的历史密切相关。正统印度史学建构的传统性历史空间本质上是殖民地现代性的发明和创造,而并非是对前现代印度历史的客观呈现。正统印度史学本身则构成了英印殖民主义国家治理术所依赖的知识工具之一,从而应被看作英印殖民统治历史的一部分:它是一项殖民主义知识工程。The Orthodox Indian Historiography constructs a“traditional”historical space through the narrative of Aryan civilization,whereas the New Indian Historiography constructs a“modern”historical space through a new historical narrative starting with the Mughal Empire.New Indian historians such as Thomas Metcalf interpret Orthodox Indian Historiography as an ideological fiction of the Raj.By tracing the historical-sociological lineage of Orthodox Indian Historiography,this work shows that the knowledge construction of Orthodox Indian Historiography is closely related to the modern transformation of world historical space and the history of colonial modernity in India from the mid-18th century.The traditional historical space constructed by the Orthodox Indian Historiography is essentially the invention of colonial modernity,rather than the objective presentation of the pre-modern history of India.The Orthodox Indian Historiography,for its part,constitutes one of the intellectual tools on which the British-Indian colonial statecraft depends,and thus should be regarded as part of the history of the British-Indian colonial rule:it is a colonial intellectual project.

关 键 词：正统印度史学 现代性 传统性 英印殖民统治 

分 类 号：K093.51[历史地理—历史学] D735.1[政治法律—政治学]