我国工业低碳转型的基础、路径与政策--历史述评与未来思考  

The Basis,Road and Policies for China's Industrial Low-carbon Transformation——Commentary and Prospect

作　　者：李继峰 常纪文[1] LI Ji-feng;CHANG Ji-wen(Institute for Resource and Environmental Policy Studies,Development Research Center of the State Council,Beijing 10010,China)

机构地区：[1]国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所,100010

出　　处：《城市与环境研究》2023年第2期56-71,共16页Urban and Environmental Studies

基　　金：国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目“考虑省间碳排放转移的多区域协同减排模拟关键技术研究及应用”(批准号:1400-202357320A-1-1-ZN)。

摘　　要：我国实现碳达峰碳中和目标需要一场广泛而深刻的系统性变革。工业绿色低碳转型是统筹发展和减排的必由之路,任重道远。研究表明,我国自“十一五”规划期就高度重视工业节能,通过促进工业结构优化升级、制定技术标准和实施一系列政策和行动,取得显著的节能成效,主要高耗能行业碳强度均呈现持续下降态势。面向碳达峰碳中和要求,需在工业节能的基础上系统推进低碳转型。根据对已有研究的梳理,这意味着工业领域需要大力推进结构优化、节能技术进步、循环利用和能源低碳化。工业低碳转型目前面临材料工艺基础相对薄弱、企业主流商业模式不适应、技术创新仍存短板、法律法规标准不足、公正转型压力大等挑战,基于此,我国初步建立的工业低碳转型政策体系须有的放矢、形成合力。It needs a broad and profound systemic change for China to meet the carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality target.The green and low-carbon transformation of industry is the only way to coordinate the dual target of economic and social development and emission reduction,and there is a long way to go.It has shown that China has taken great efforts on industrial energy conservation since the“Eleventh Five-Year Plan”period,and achieved remarkable energy conservation results through promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure,formulating technical standards and implementing a series of policies and actions.The carbon intensity of major energy-intensive industries has continued to decline.However,to meet the requirements of carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality,it is necessary to systematically promote industrial low-carbon transformation on the basis of energy conservation.According to the review of existing research,the industries need to positively promote structural optimization,energy-saving technological innovation,recycling and low-carbon transition of energy.There are big challenges of industrial low-carbon transformation,such as relatively weak material technology foundation,unsuitable mainstream business models of enterprises,shortcomings in technological innovation,insufficient laws and regulations,and high pressure of just transformation.A systematic and efficient policy system should be built continuously to promote the industrial low-carbon transformation.

关 键 词：工业 碳排放 能源 低碳转型 低碳政策 目标 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]