太湖鲤山湾水生植被修复前后鱼类资源恢复效果  

Effects of aquatic plant restoration on fishery resources recovery in Lishan Bay,Lake Taihu

作　　者：崔伟 任泷 徐东坡[1,2,3] 赵冬福 任可成 徐跑 CUI Wei;REN Long;XU Dongpo;ZHAO Dongfu;REN Kecheng;XU Pao(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡214081 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2023年第3期474-481,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目(2020YFD0900503);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020XT13,2020TD61);中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心基本科研业务费(2021JBFM16)。

摘　　要：太湖鲤山湾系太湖青虾、中华绒螯蟹国家级水产种质资源保护区,为进一步提升保护区鱼类资源养护与环境修复效果,于2015年在该区域内实施水生植物修复工程,分别于2015年(修复前)和2021年(修复后)对该水域鱼类资源进行调查。结果表明:两次调查共采集鱼类42种,其中,2015、2021年分别采集27、39种,基于栖息水层、繁殖习性和摄食特征等生态类型划分显示,该区域以栖息于中上层、喜水草上产卵的杂食性鱼类为主,优势类群为大鳍鱊(Acheilognathus macropterus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、兴凯鱊(Acheilognathus chankaensis)和刀鲚(Coilia nasus)等;修复前后优势种并未发生明显变动,但修复后主要种数量有所增加,如蛇鮈(Saurogobiodabryi)、花[鱼骨](Hemibarbus maculatus)和黄尾鲴(Xenocypris davidi)等。研究表明,水生植被修复后,鱼类群落结构趋于稳定,且整体鱼类资源量呈上升趋势,其中偏好水草区域生活的鱼类资源量升高,水生植物资源量的恢复对渔业资源养护起到了良好的效果。Lishan Bay of Lake Taihu is a national fisheries genetic resources conservation area for Chinese mitten crab and orient river prawn.In order to further improve the conservation and environmental restoration effect of fishery resources in the conservation area,the aquatic plant restoration project was implemented in 2015.In this study,fish resource survey was carried out in 2015(before restoration)and 2021(after restoration)to explore the restoration effect of fishery resources.The results showed that a total of 42 species of fish were collected in two years,of which 27 and 39 species were collected in 2015 and 2021,respectively.Based on ecological types such as habitat aquifers,reproductive habits and feeding characteristics,this area was dominated by omnivorous fish inhabiting the middle and upper middle layer and spawning on aquatic plants,including Acheilognathus macropterus,Pseudorasbora parva,Acheilognathus chankaensis,and Coilia nasus,etc.There was no significant change in the dominant species before and after the restoration,but the number of dominant species increased after the restoration,such as Saurogobio dabryi,Hemibarbus maculatus,and Xenocypris davidi,etc.The observed results reveal that the structure of fish population tends to be stable,the overall quantity of fish resources in the restoration area exhibits an upward trend with elevated amount of fish resources that prefer to live in aquatic weed area,indicating the restoration of aquatic plant resources has achieved good effects on conservation of fish resources.

关 键 词：鱼类群落 时间格局 生态修复 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]