某船用柴油机增压器涡轮叶片断裂故障分析  

Turbine Blade Fracture Analysis of Turbocharger for Marine Diesel Engine

作　　者：李向阳[1] 白雪 胡志龙 张琨 LI Xiangyang;BAI Xue;HU Zhilong;ZHANG Kun(The Shanghai Military Representatives Bureau of Naval Armament Department,Shanghai 201206,China;Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute,Shanghai 200231,China)

机构地区：[1]海军装备部驻上海地区军事代表局,上海201206 [2]上海船舶设备研究所,上海200231

出　　处：《机电设备》2023年第3期29-32,共4页Mechanical and Electrical Equipment

摘　　要：针对某船舶电站用柴油机增压器涡轮叶片断裂导致柴油发电机组无法正常运行的故障,开展增压器涡轮叶片断裂故障原因分析。对可能导致涡轮叶片断裂的各种因素进行分析排查,结果表明:涡轮浇铸温度趋近于上限,导致晶粒偏大,使涡轮叶片抗疲劳能力下降;增压器运行过程中,涡轮叶片受长期交变应力作用,粗大结晶区萌生裂纹,裂纹以疲劳方式扩展,最终导致涡轮叶片断裂。根据分析结果可知,减小涡轮浇铸温度控制范围,避免浇铸温度趋近上、下限值,按照改进浇铸温度后生产的涡轮增压器经过3 000 h的验证,未发生涡轮叶片裂纹、断裂故障。对柴油机零部件国产化过程中关键工艺参数确定需注意的问题具有借鉴意义。In view of the failure of the diesel generator set that can not operate normally due to the fracture of the turbocharger turbine blade of a marine power station,the cause analysis of the fracture failure of the turbocharger turbine blade is carried out.The causes of the turbine blade fracture are analyzed based on the marine power station diesel engine,which cause the failure of the diesel generator set operating normally.The factors result in blades fracture are analyzed and investigated.The results show that the casting temperature of the turbine approaching the upper limit resulted in the grain size rather larger,which led to the turbine blade fatigue resistance reduction.Under the action of long-term alternating stress during the operation of the turbine blades,cracks are initiated in the coarse crystallization zone and expanded in a fatigue manner,which result in the fracture of the turbine blades.According to the analysis results,the manufacturer reduces the control range of turbine casting temperature to avoid the temperature approaching the upper and lower limit.The turbochargers production according to the improved casting temperature have been verified for more than 3000 h,and turbine blade cracks or fractures have not occurred.It has reference significance for the problems needed attention in the determination of key technological parameters in the localization of diesel engine parts.

关 键 词：船舶电站 柴油机 增压器 故障分析 叶片断裂 

分 类 号：U664.121[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]