2018—2021年长沙市诺如病毒暴发疫情流行特征分析  

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus outbreaks in Changsha,China from 2018 to 2021

作　　者：姚栋[1] 周帅锋[2] 欧新华[1] 湛志飞[2] 陈静芳[1] 黄政[1] 徐明忠[1] YAO Dong;ZHOU Shuai-feng;OU Xin-hua;ZHAN Zhi-fei;CHEN Jing-fang;HUANG Zheng;XU Ming-zhong(Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha 410008,China;Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,长沙410008 [2]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,长沙410005

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2023年第6期570-574,609,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

基　　金：长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(No.kq2014018)。

摘　　要：目的了解2018年1月至2021年3月长沙市诺如病毒(Norovirus,NoV)暴发疫情的流行病学和进化特征。方法采集2018年1月至2021年3月急性胃肠炎暴发疫情临床病例标本463份,采用实时荧光RT-PCR法进行诺如病毒GI和GII基因群的鉴定;对阳性标本采用特异引物RT-PCR扩增,所得扩增产物测序后进行进化分析。结果2018年1月至2021年3月共报告诺如病毒疫情64起,采集标本463份,NoV检出阳性率为57.67%,男性检出率为60.16%,女性检出率为54.71%;12~18岁年龄组检出率最高,达74.24%。每年冬春季(10月至次年3月)为流行高峰季节;有64.06%(41/64)的疫情发生在托幼机构。64起暴发疫情中由GII基因群NoV引起的占82.81%(53/64),由GI基因群NoV引起的占7.81%(5/64),混合基因型占9.38%(6/64)。GI基因群NoV的具体基因型别有GI.2[P2]、GI.3[P13]、GI.5[P4]、GI.6[P11];测序分型成功的GII基因群NoV具体基因型别有GII.1[P16]、GII.2[P16]、GII.3[P12]、GII.4[P31]、GII.6[P7]、GII.17[P17],以GII.2[P16]型为主。分子进化分析显示GII各型和GI.5[P4]型与同时期北京、上海等地的高度同源;其它GI基因群则主要与国外同时期流行株同源性最高。结论基于长沙市诺如病毒疫情的流行病学特征,应在高发季节对重点场所及重点人群加强监测和健康宣传,及时处置。The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiologic characteristics and genotypes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus in Hunan Changsha from January 2018 to March 2021,during which time clinical samples of suspected norovirus outbreaks were collected.Norovirus GI and GII nucleic acid were detected using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Partial open reading frame(ORF)1/2 linkage regions of positive samples were amplified by reverse transcription-PCR using specific primers,then sequenced.The genotypes and molecular characteristics were analyzed.Sixty-four outbreaks were positive for norovirus from January 2018 to March 2021.A total of 463 clinical samples were collected.The norovirus nucleic acid detection rate was 57.67%,with the following breakdown:males,60.16%;females,54.71%;and highest positive rate[12-18-year-old students],74.24%;norovirus outbreaks mainly occurred in the winter and spring seasons[October-March of the following year];and kindergarten outbreaks,64.06%.Nucleic acid detection results revealed that 53 outbreaks belonged to the GII geneogroup,5(7.81%)were from the GI geneogroup,and 6(9.38%)were mixed infections.Based on sequence analysis,GI.2[P2]、GI.3[P13]、GI.5[P4]、and GI.6[P11]were identified among the GI geneogroup,and GII.1[P16]、GII.2[P16]、GII.3[P12]、GII.4[P31]、GII.6[P7]、and GII.17[P17]were among the GII geneogroup;GII.2[P16]was the dominant genotype.Local GI.5[P4]and GII genotypes shared the highest similarities with strains epidemic in China,such as Beijing,Shanghai,and other cities at the same time;other GI genotypes had the highest homology with strains circulating in other countries.Based on the norovirus epidemic characteristics in Changsha,close surveillance and health education must be made available to key people and key places,and timely intervention measures are also essential.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 急性胃肠炎 暴发 基因型 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]