不同套作模式对陕南幼龄桑园桑树生长及增效分析  

Effects of Different Intercropping Modes on Mulberry Growth and Efficiency in Young Mulberry Orchards in Southern Shaanxi

作　　者：李瑜 孙莹莹 唐晓东 马俊 高海娜 郭邦利 成群 LI Yu;SUN Yingying;TANG Xiaodong;MA Jun;GAO Haina;GUO Bangli(Ankang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ankang,Shaanxi 725000,China)

机构地区：[1]安康市农业科学研究院,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第6期64-68,共5页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务--丹江口水源涵养区绿色高效农业技术创新集成与示范(CAAS-XTCX2016015)。

摘　　要：农业生物多样性利用具有增加经济、生态、社会效益的功能,套作是最重要的农业生物多样性利用形式。为研究不同套种模式对桑树生长和综合效益的影响,在幼龄桑园分别套种大豆、绿豆、马铃薯、红薯、花生、芝麻6种农作物,比较6种套作模式下桑树的生长情况、桑叶产量及综合经济效益,并分析生长指标之间的相关性。结果表明:6种套作模式中,桑树/红薯、桑树/马铃薯、桑树/花生的平均枝条数及平均总枝条数显著高于其他模式,从平均枝条长来看则正好相反,而单位面积总枝条数差异不显著;从桑叶叶量来看,桑树/花生套作模式下最高,达16391.90 kg/hm2,桑树/红薯次之,桑树/绿豆最低;根据相关性分析结果来看,套作幼龄桑园单位面积平均总条数(x)与平均总条长(y)有极显著相关性,拟合多项式方程为:y=0.247x2–2.506x+314.16(x>0);综合来看,桑树/花生套种模式较有利于幼龄桑树的生长,综合经济效益高于其他模式,其次为桑树/红薯、桑树/马铃薯模式。该研究为幼龄桑树套种模式的推广,桑园综合经济效益的提高提供了一定的理论依据。Agricultural biodiversity utilization plays an important role in enhancing economic,ecological and social benefits.Interplanting is a key approach to agricultural biodiversity utilization.This study investigated the effects of different intercropping modes on mulberry growth and comprehensive benefits by intercropping six crops(soybean,mung bean,potato,sweet potato,peanut and sesame)in a young mulberry orchards.We compared the growth,mulberry leaf yield and comprehensive economic benefits of mulberry under the six intercropping modes and analyzed the correlation between growth indexes.The results showed that among the six intercropping modes,the average number of branches and the average total number of branches of mulberry/sweet potato,mulberry/potato and mulberry/peanut were significantly higher than those of other modes.In terms of average branch length,the results were the opposite,but the difference of the total number of branches per unit area was not significant different.The mulberry/peanut intercropping mode produced the highest annual leaf yield of the mulberry orchards(16391.90 kg/hm2),followed by mulberry/sweet potato,and mulberry/mung bean yielded the lowest;Correlation analysis showed a very significant correlation between the average total number of strips per unit area(x)and the average total strip length(y),with the fitting polynomial equation of y=0.247x2-2.506x+314.16(x>0);On the whole,mulberry/peanut interplanting mode was found to be conducive to the growth of mulberry with high comprehensive economic benefit,followed by mulberry/sweet potato and mulberry/potato interplanting mode.This study provides a scientific basis for the promoting mulberry interplanting mode and improving the comprehensive economic benefits of mulberry orchards in Southern Shaanxi.

关 键 词：套作模式 幼龄桑园 桑树生长 综合效益 陕南 

分 类 号：S888.4[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]