施用草甘膦除草剂对土壤质量影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Impact of Glyphosate Herbicide Application on Soil Quality

作　　者：张友 戴全厚[1,2] 严友进[1,2] 胡泽银 周红 ZHANG You;DAI Quanhou;YAN Youjin;HU Zeyin;ZHOU Hong(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025;Soil Eroion and Ecological Restoration Research Center,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学土壤侵蚀与生态修复研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第4期7-13,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167044);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5641);贵大培育项目(贵大培育[2019]10号);贵州省一流学科建设项目(CNYL[2017]007)。

摘　　要：草甘膦除草剂是农业生产中不可或缺的物资,过量使用会导致大量草甘膦及其衍生物在土壤中残留,对生态环境安全构成威胁。通过系统阐述草甘膦在环境中的迁移转化过程,以及草甘膦对土壤生物及环境质量的影响,着重分析了草甘膦对土壤蚯蚓、微生物群落的毒理效应,草甘膦与土壤其他污染物的协同效应和草甘膦驱动土壤碳氮磷生物地球循环变化。同时指出当前研究的不足,并提出下一步研究的重点:(1)加强草甘膦的降解机制和影响因素的研究,并筛选更高效降解能力的微生物菌株,提高草甘膦降解效率和修复草甘膦污染环境的能力;(2)定期开展农业环境中草甘膦的检测和风险评估,摸清草甘膦在喀斯特区的迁移路径,探索草甘膦在岩溶地质中的吸附和去除能力,以更好地评估岩溶地质的碳汇稳定性和水生生态系统的安全性;(3)借助酶化学计量学等研究方法,探明草甘膦在土壤中的转化速率、通量以及与微生物代谢和营养需求、环境效应之间的耦合关系。Glyphosate herbicides are essential materials in agricultural production,but excessive use can lead to a large amount of glyphosate and its derivatives remaining in soil,posing a threat to the ecological environment.By systematically elaborating the migration and transformation process of glyphosate in the environment,as well as its effects on soil organisms and environmental quality,the toxic effects of glyphosate on soil earthworms and microbial communities,the synergistic effects of glyphosate with other soil pollutants,and the changes in soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles driven by glyphosate were emphatically analyzed.At the same time,the deficiencies of the current research were pointed out,and the focus of the next research was put forward:(1)Strengthen the study on the degradation mechanisms and influencing factors of glyphosate,and screen for more efficient degrading microbial strains to improve the degradation efficiency of glyphosate and the ability to remediate glyphosate-contaminated environments.(2)To carry out regular monitoring and risk assessment of glyphosate in agricultural environments,map out the migration pathways of glyphosate in karst areas,explore the adsorption and removal ability of glyphosate in karst geology,so as to better evaluate the carbon sequestration stability of karst geology and the safety of aquatic ecosystems.(3)By using enzyme stoichiometry and other research methods,the conversion rate,flux,and coupling relationship between glyphosate and microbial metabolism,nutritional requirements,and environmental effects in the soil can be explored.

关 键 词：草甘膦 土壤质量 土壤生物 生态毒理 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]