黄土高原土壤可蚀性对退耕还林(草)的响应  

Response of Soil Erodibility on the Loess Plateau to the Grain to Green Program

作　　者：黄琬雲 赵允格[2] 刘宝元 王闪闪 杨凯[3] 孙会 谷康民 HUANG Wanyun;ZHAO Yunge;LIU Baoyuan;WANG Shanshan;YANG Kai;SUN Hui;GU Kangmin(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第4期94-100,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41830758)。

摘　　要：退耕还林(草)的实施显著影响黄土高原退耕地土壤理化属性,进而可能影响土壤可蚀性。然而,目前黄土高原全区土壤可蚀性对退耕方式的响应及其区域特征尚不明确。为此,以耕地为对照,以黄土高原4个降雨量带内(200~300,300~400,400~500,>500 mm)的3种退耕地(乔木林地、灌木地和草地)为对象,通过野外调查和室内分析,研究不同类型退耕地土壤理化性质,采用EPIC模型估算土壤可蚀性,分析不同退耕方式对黄土高原不同区域土壤可蚀性的影响。结果表明:就整个黄土高原而言,退耕地0—20 cm土壤有机碳含量增加1.22~2.83 g/kg,乔木林地、灌木地和草地的土壤有机碳含量分别平均增加1.70,1.72,2.72 g/kg。黄土高原仅200~300 mm降雨量带内的草地与耕地的黏粒差异显著,300~400,400~500,>500 mm降雨量带内的各类型退耕地间的黏粒、粉砂粒和砂粒差异不显著。相较于耕地,退耕地土壤可蚀性呈现降低趋势,由0.0124(t·hm^(2)·h)/(hm^(2)·MJ·mm)降至0.0115(t·hm^(2)·h)/(hm^(2)·MJ·mm),但差异不显著,乔木林地、灌木地、草地与耕地间土壤可蚀性亦无显著差异。总体表明,退耕还林(草)虽显著提高土壤有机碳含量,但并未显著影响颗粒组成和土壤可蚀性。研究结果可为预报黄土高原退耕后的土壤侵蚀提供科学依据。The implementation of Grain to Green Program(GTGP)significantly affects the physicochemical properties of the soil on the Loess Plateau,which may influence the soil erodibility.However,the response of soil erodibility to GTGP and its regional characteristics across the Loess Plateau were still unclear.Accordingly,with cultivated land as the control,the soil physicochemical properties of three types of reclaimed farmland(forest,shrub land and grassland)in four rainfall zones(200~300,300~400,400~500,>500 mm)on the Loess Plateau were studied through field investigation and laboratory analysis.The EPIC model was used to estimate soil erodibility and analyze the effects of different conversion types on soil erodibility in different areas of the Loess Plateau.The results showed that in the whole Loess Plateau,the soil organic carbon content of 0—20 cm of GTGP increased by 1.22~2.83 g/kg,and the soil organic carbon content of forest,shrub,and grassland increased by 1.70,1.72 and 2.72 g/kg,respectively.In the Loess Plateau,there were significant differences in the clay particles between grassland and farmland within the rainfall zone of 200~300 mm,but there were no significant differences in the clay particles,silt particles and sand particles among different types of converted farmland in the rainfall zone of 300~400,400~500 and>500 mm.Soil erodibility before and after GTGP on the Loess Plateau showed a decreasing trend from 0.0124 to 0.0115(t·hm^(2)·h)/(hm^(2)·MJ·mm),respectively,but the difference was not significant,and there was no significant difference in soil erodibility among forest,shrub,grassland and cultivated land.Overall,the GTGP greatly enhanced the soil organic carbon content,but had no effect on soil particle composition and soil erodibility.The results can provide a scientific basis for predicting soil erosion on the Loess Plateau after GTGP.

关 键 词：降雨量带 退耕方式 土壤有机碳 土壤颗粒组成 土壤可蚀性 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]