平茬对吉兰泰盐湖花棒防护林植被特征和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Prune Measure on Vegetation Characteristics and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Hedysarum scoparium Protection Forest in Jilantai Salt Lake

作　　者：魏亚娟 刘美英 左小锋 郭靖 解云虎 吴昊 悦普庆 WEI Yajuan;LIU Meiying;ZUO Xiaofeng;GUO Jing;XIE Yunhu;WU Hao;YUE Puqing(Department of Resource and Environment,Baotou Teachers’College,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014030;College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nvtrient Resource,College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agriclutural University,Hohhot 010018;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co.,Ltd.,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014010;Inner Mongolia Institute of Meteorological Science,Hohhot 010051)

机构地区：[1]包头师范学院资源与环境学院,内蒙古包头014030 [2]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [4]北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心,北京100875 [5]内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古包头014010 [6]内蒙古自治区科学气象研究院,呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第4期250-257,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校碳达峰碳中和研究专项(STZX202213);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0507605);包头师范学院高层次人才引进项目(BTTCRCQD2020-011);包头师范学院自然科学类一般项目(BSYKJ2021-ZY02);包头师范学院自然科学类重点项目(BSYKJ2022-ZZ01);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021BS04004)。

摘　　要：为探究平茬措施对吉兰泰盐湖防护林植被和土壤的影响,以吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带不同平茬年限(1,2,3年)的人工花棒林为研究对象,对比分析不同平茬年限的花棒林植被生长特征和土壤理化性质。结果表明:(1)平茬有利于花棒自我更新。平茬后花棒株高、基径随平茬年限增加而增大,新生枝数与之相反。(2)平茬增加林下草本生物量和草本植物多样性,不同平茬年限花棒林间植物生活型均以一年生植物和多年生植物为主。林下植被盖度、密度、株高、地上生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均以平茬3年最高。(3)平茬初期的风蚀作用导致地表部分细颗粒被吹蚀,0—30 cm土层土壤机械组成均以细砂和中砂为主,其值为77.63%~88.02%。(4)平茬促进土壤水分蓄积,0—200 cm土层土壤含水量按平茬年限由大到小依次为3年>2年>1年>未平茬,但土壤水分稳定性变差。(5)平茬有利于土壤养分积累,花棒林下土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷以平茬后3年最高,较未平茬分别增加6.67%,12.90%,20.00%,115.51%,66.24%。研究结果表明适当平茬可以改善林间生境,但是在平茬初期,需要对地表进行覆盖,防止土壤水分蒸散。In order to investigate the effects of pruning measures on the vegetation and soil of the salt lake protection forest in the transition zone of the Jilantai Desert Oasis,planted flower stick forests with different pruning years(1,2 and 3 years)were used as research objects to compare and analyse the vegetation growth characteristics and soil physicochemical properties of Hedysarum scoparium forests with different pruning years.The results showed that:(1)Prune measure was beneficial to self-renewal of Hedysarum scoparium.The plant height and basal diameter of Hedysarum scoparium increased with the increase of age,and number of new branches followed an opposite trend.(2)Prune measure increased herbaceous biomass and herbaceous plant diversity under the forest,and the plant life forms were dominated by annuals and perennials in different pruning years of Hedysarum scoparium plantation.Understory vegetation coverage,density,plant height,aboveground biomass,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index and Margalef richness index were the highest in pruning 3 years Hedysarum scoparium.(3)At the beginning of pruning Hedysarum scoparium,wind erosion caused some fine particles to be blown away on the surface.The mechanical composition of the 0—30 cm soil layer was dominated by fine sand content and medium sand content,with the values ranging from 77.63%to 88.02%.(4)Pruning measure promoted soil water retention.The soil moisture content in 0—200 cm soil layer ranged as follows:3 years>2 years>1 year>no pruning,and soil water stability became inferior.(5)Prune measure was conducive to soil nutrient accumulation.Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus under Hedysarum scoparium forest were the highest in 3 years,and increased by 6.67%,12.90%,20.00%,115.51%and 66.24%,compared with no pruning,respectively.The study suggests that appropriate prune measure can improve the habitat of artificial Hedysarum scoparium,but the ground surface needs to be cover

关 键 词：平茬 植被多样性 土壤养分 变异系数 花棒 吉兰泰盐湖防护林 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]