减氮配施硝化抑制剂与菌剂对温室黄瓜产量品质和土壤氮素损失的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Nitrification Inhibitor and Microbial Agents on Greenhouse Cucumber Yield and Quality and Soil Nitrogen Loss

作　　者：赵宇晴 杨迎 田晓楠 郭娇 张丽娟[1,2] 郭艳杰 李博文[1,2,3] ZHAO Yuqing;YANG Ying;TIAN Xiaonan;GUO Jiao;ZHANG Lijuan;GUO Yanjie;LI Bowen(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Environment,Baoding,Hebei 071001;National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Regulation in North China,Baoding,Hebei 071001;Hebei Normal University Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050000)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071001 [3]华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北保定071001 [4]河北师范大学环境科技有限公司,石家庄050000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第4期267-277,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(21326905D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018030206);国家自然科学基金项目(21307025)。

摘　　要：通过探究减氮配施硝化抑制剂DMPP与微生物菌剂及二者联合施用对温室黄瓜土壤氮素各主要途径损失及黄瓜对氮素吸收利用的影响,并结合黄瓜产量和品质,旨在筛选出温室黄瓜生产的适宜氮素损失调控措施。以黄瓜品种“津绿20-10”为试验材料进行田间小区试验,设置6个处理,分别为不施氮对照(CK)、常规施氮(CN)、减氮(RN)、减氮+DMPP(RND)、减氮+微生物菌剂(RNM)、减氮+DMPP+微生物菌剂(RND+M)。监测分析了土壤氧化亚氮(N 2 O)排放、氨(NH 3)挥发和土壤剖面硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)累积量,以及黄瓜对氮素的吸收利用、产量和品质指标。结果表明:(1)与CN相比,RN、RND、RNM和RND+M能够促进黄瓜对氮素的吸收和利用,提高氮素利用率。等氮条件下,RND+M可使黄瓜地上部植株氮素总吸收量增加18.93%,尤其是氮肥表观利用率(REN)和农学效率(AEN),分别达到25.30%和41.16 kg/kg(p<0.05),表现出明显的正协同效应,且优于硝化抑制剂或菌剂单施效果。(2)RN、RND、RNM和RND+M较CN可使土壤N 2 O排放显著降低26.38%~41.45%、NH 3挥发明显减少28.82%~37.70%,0—120 cm土壤剖面NO_(3)^(-)-N累积显著降低13.07%~62.32%;等氮条件下,RNM处理对土壤N 2 O排放和NH 3挥发影响不大,但能显著降低90—120 cm土层NO_(3)^(-)-N累积量,较RN降低27.35%。RND和RND+M可使N 2 O排放分别降低20.11%和20.47%,0—120 cm土壤剖面NO_(3)^(-)-N累积量分别降低30.06%和24.70%,减少氮素在土壤中的累积和淋失风险,但增加NH 3挥发风险(p>0.05),总体表现为RND≈RND+M≥RNM≈RN。(3)RND+M处理产量为70.32 t/hm^(2),节本增收较RN增加5150元/hm^(2),且其在提高黄瓜果实品质方面效果较明显,可溶性蛋白含量较RN及RNM处理分别提高16.36%与4.01%。综合经济效益和环境效益,尤其是土壤可持续发展角度考虑,试验条件下,追施氮素316 kg/hm^(2),同时配施2%纯氮量的DMPP与75 L/hm^(2)菌剂,是实现温室黄瓜增产提质、�By exploring the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with nitrification inhibitor DMPP and microbial agents and their combined application on soil nitrogen losses in different ways and nitrogen absorption and utilization of cucumber planting in greenhouse,and to screen the optimum nitrogen losses regulation measures for greenhouse vegetable production system by considering both yield and quality.The cucumber variety“Jinlv 20-10”was used as the experimental material to carry out filed experiment,and six treatments were set up,including no nitrogen application control(CK),conventional nitrogen application(CN),nitrogen reduction application(RN),nitrogen reduction application+DMPP(RND),nitrogen reduction application+microbial agent(RNM),nitrogen reduction application+DMPP+microbial agent(RND+M).Soil nitrous oxide(N 2 O)emission,ammonia(NH 3)volatilization and soil profile nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)accumulation,as well as the absorption and utilization,yield,and quality indicators of nitrogen by cucumbers were monitored and analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Compared with CN treatment,the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and nitrogen utilization rate of cucumber were improved by RN,RND,RNM and RND+M treatments.Under the same nitrogen application rate,RND+M treatment could increase total nitrogen absorption in shoots of cucumber by 18.93%,especially the apparent recovery rate of applied nitrogen(REN)and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer(AEN)could reached up to 25.30%and 41.16 kg/kg(p<0.05),respectively,showing obvious positive synergistic effect,and better than the application of DMPP or microbial agent alone.(2)The soil N 2 O emission,NH 3 volatilization and NO_(3)^(-)-N accumulation in 0-120 cm soil profile were significantly decreased by 26.38%~41.45%,28.82%~37.70%,and 13.07%~62.32%in the RN,RND,RNM and RND+M treatments compared with CN,respectively.Under the same nitrogen application rate,RNM treatment had little effect on N 2 O emission and NH 3 volatilization in soil,but it could signi

关 键 词：硝化抑制剂 微生物菌剂 温室黄瓜 氮素损失 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]