新石器时代河南淅川下王岗人群下颌圆枕研究  

On the raw material and technique of the flooring Shuanghuaishu site of the Yangshao period,Gongyi

作　　者：李海军[1] 周静 程展航 肖小勇[1] LI Haijun

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中原文物》2023年第3期66-72,共7页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新疆扎滚鲁克墓地先民遗骸的整理、数据库建设及儿童头骨体质特征研究”(批准号:19BKG039);国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等专项项目“新疆山普拉等古墓人群骨骼的资料库建设及相关文化习俗研究”(批准号:19VJX066)的阶段性研究成果;郑州中华之源与嵩山文明研究会资助课题青年项目(编号:Q2020-4)资助。

摘　　要：下王岗遗址出土了大量人骨材料。本文采用实物形态近似法对下王岗36例下颌骨的下颌圆枕的特点进行分类和记录,并与大致同时期姜家梁人群进行对比,发现下王岗人群下颌圆枕出现率为80.6%,且主要出现在前磨牙处;下颌圆枕发育程度较弱,没有“花生(3/4)”类型的,形态主要以“南瓜籽”类型为主。下王岗人群没有发育程度特别显著的下颌圆枕;尺寸大(且粗壮)的下颌骨中的下颌圆枕表现较弱或缺失,相对较大的下颌圆枕只出现于尺寸较小的下颌骨上;推测在新石器时代下王岗人群中,下颌圆枕的表现程度可能与下颌骨尺寸、咀嚼肌肉发达程度等密切相关。A large number of human remains have been unearthed at the Xiawanggang Site.In this article,using the physical morphology approximation method,mandibular tori of 36 mandibles were classified and compared to population from Jiangjialiang.Mandibular tori were identified in 80.6%of the assessed skeletal elements from Xiawanggang with most of the tori appearing at the premolar location.The mandibular tori were weakly developed,and there was no"peanut(3/4)"type,while the shape was mainly"pumpkin seed"type.In the Xiawanggang population,there was no mandibular torus with particularly remarkable development.The mandibular tori were generally weakly present or absent in large(and stout)mandibles while the relatively large mandibular tori only present in relatively smaller mandibles.It can be suggested from these results that the mandibular torus is closely related to overall mandibular size and masticatory muscle development in the Neolithic Xiawanggang population.

关 键 词：下王岗 下颌圆枕 分布位置 形态变异 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]