好氧堆肥去除畜禽粪便病原体的研究进展  

Research progress on aerobic composting for removing pathogens from livestock manure

作　　者：李明章 李彦明[1,2] 王珏 李国学[1] 陈清[1] 王志刚 常瑞雪[1,2] LI Mingzhang;LI Yanming;WANG Jue;LI Guoxue;CHEN Qing;WANG Zhigang;CHANG Ruixue(College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Organic Recycling Research Institute(Suzhou)of China Agricultural University,Suzhou 215100,China;Beijing Da Bei Nong Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102609,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学有机循环研究院(苏州),江苏苏州215100 [3]北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司,北京102609

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2023年第4期864-872,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：研究生产学合作协同育人项目(39012004);“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1901002)。

摘　　要：近年来,非洲猪瘟、甲型H1N1流感、禽流感和新冠肺炎等疫情频发,其中甲型H1N1流感和禽流感等人畜共患病的病原体引发的疫情传播逐渐受到固体废弃物处理利用领域的关注。携带大量病原体的畜禽粪便若不能合理循环利用,会对人体健康和生态安全造成威胁。高温好氧堆肥是一种处理固体废弃物的常用方法,堆肥过程的高温阶段能够有效降低病原体数量,但仍有部分堆肥产品因病原体残留而存在安全风险。本文综述了堆肥过程对病原体的去除效果及其影响因素,探讨了堆肥产品中病原体残留的可能原因和存在的风险,并基于此提出了可以提高堆肥病原体去除效果的工艺优化方向,这将最大程度降低堆肥产品的安全风险,确保畜禽粪便堆肥产品的安全高效使用。In recent years,outbreaks,such as that of African swine fever,influenza A(H1N1),avian influenza,and COVID-19,have occurred frequently.These epidemics,caused by the transmission of zoonotic pathogens such as H1N1 and avian influenza,have gradually attracted the attention of experts in the field of solid waste treatment and utilization.If livestock or poultry manure cannot be reasonably recycled,it may pose a threat to human health and ecological security because of the presence of large number of pathogens.Hightemperature aerobic composting is a method of treating solid waste,during which the thermophilic stage can effectively reduce the number of pathogens.However,compost products with residual pathogens may pose safety risks after their application in soil.This review summarizes the effect of the composting process on pathogens and their consequent impacts,and discusses the possible causes and risks of residual pathogens in compost.Based on this,an optimization direction is proposed to improve the pathogen removal efficiency in composting,which would minimize the safety risks and ensure the safe and efficient use of livestock and poultry manure composting products.

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 畜禽粪便 病原菌 影响因素 传播风险 

分 类 号：S873[农业科学—畜牧兽医] X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]