人工智能算法嵌入公安执法的风险识别与规制路径  

Risk Identification and Regulation Path of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Embedded in Public Security Law Enforcement

作　　者：翁孙哲[1] Weng Sun-zhe(Department of Law,Zhejiang Police College,Hangzhou 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江警察学院法律系,杭州310053

出　　处：《政法学刊》2023年第3期17-25,共9页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2022年度公安部理论及软科学课题“人工智能算法嵌入公安执法的风险识别与规制路径”(2022LL19);浙江省科学技术厅2023年度省软科学研究计划项目“地方数字化立法对人工智能规制的理论与实践研究”(2023C35074)。

摘　　要：人工智能算法在我国公安执法中已经被不同程度地应用,并受到各级政府的高度重视。算法对公安执法带来的积极效能是显著的,有助于公安执法目标的实现。但是,公安执法中应用算法也存在一些消极作用,包括算法错误、算法歧视、算法黑箱以及侵犯公民正当程序权利,这表明,算法是把双刃剑,这些消极作用不符合现代法治的要求,不能无视其消极作用。为了规范算法的应用,需要采取有针对的措施,包括增强算法透明度、赋予行政相对人算法解释权、明确责任主体及责任归属、建立算法审计与影响评估制度、以过程论思维对待行政程序、规范刑事程序中算法的应用。Artificial intelligence algorithm has been applied to different degrees in China's public security law enforcement,and has been highly valued by governments at all levels.The algorithm has a significant positive effect on public security law enforcement,which is helpful to achieve the goal of public security law enforcement.However,there are some negative effects in the application of algorithm in public security law enforcement,including algorithm error,algorithm discrimination,algorithm black box and infringement of citizens'due process rights.This shows that algorithm is a double-edged sword,which does not meet the requirements of modern rule of law and cannot be ignored.In order to standardize the application of the algorithm,targeted measures need to be taken,including enhancing the transparency of the algorithm,giving the administrative counterpart the right to interpret the algorithm,defining the subject and attribution of responsibility,establishing the system of algorithm audit and impact assessment,treating administrative procedures with process theory,and standardizing the application of algorithms in criminal procedures.

关 键 词：算法 算法黑箱 算法歧视 正当程序 算法解释权 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D631.1[政治法律—法学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]