基于GIS和环境影响的干旱区露天煤矿采矿权范围设置研究  

Mining Rights Setting of Open-pit Coal Mines based on GIS and Environmental Impacts in Arid Areas

作　　者：艾宪锋 史常青[1] 杨建英[1] 张延庆 AI Xianfeng;SHI Changqing;YANG Jianying;ZHANG Yanqing(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第4期717-726,共10页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0504403);The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Project(2020ZD0021)。

摘　　要：随着我国露天煤矿开采在煤炭开采行业中所占的比重越来越大,露天煤矿开采所带来的的一系列安全隐患、环境污染、生态损毁等问题也引起人们的重视。科学的露天煤矿采矿权范围可从源头防治煤矿开采所带来的各类问题。本文根据露天煤矿开采的特点和干旱区地区的环境特征,从地质环境、社会环境、生态环境三个角度,采用层次分析法选取15个指标并确定其权重,以Arc GIS的空间分析功能,分别对应影响因子建立数字评价模型,叠加权重构建采矿权范围设置综合评价模型,并引入环境成本,将生态效益和经济效益结合起来,对不同采矿权设置范围进行价值估算,为露天煤矿采矿权范围设置提供参考和依据。With the increasing proportion of open-pit coal mining in the coal mining industry in China,a series of potential safety hazards,environmental pollution,ecological damage and other problems caused by open-pit coal mining have attracted a great deal of attention.Scientifically determining the appropriate mining right scope of an open-pit coal mine can prevent various problems caused by coal mining from the source.In this study,according to the characteristics of open-pit coal mining and the environmental characteristics in arid areas,15 indicators were selected and their weights were determined from the three perspectives of geological environment,social envi-ronment and ecological environment by using the AHP.Based on the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS,a digital evaluation model was established for the corresponding influencing factors,and a comprehensive evaluation model for setting the mining right range was constructed by superimposing the weights.Finally,four mining areas were identified within the study area in Wuhai,Inner Mongolia,and their ecological values were calculated to determine the mining area with the lowest ecological impact.

关 键 词：GIS 露天煤矿 采矿权设置 环境影响 层次分析法 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] TD824[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]