采煤迹地新土体分层构建  

Layered Construction of Novel Reconstituted Soils in Coal Mining Sites

作　　者：李学丰 杨金行[1,2] 李瑞杰 马志刚 LI Xuefeng;YANG Jinhang;LI Ruijie;MA Zhigang(School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Solid Mechanics Institute,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Highway Administration Center,Yinchuan 750011,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学物理与电子电气工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学固体力学研究所,银川750021 [3]宁夏公路建设管理中心,银川750011

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第4期744-756,共13页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Natural Science Foundation of China(12162028);The Science Technology Innovation Leading Talents Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(KJT2019001);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0504404);The Innovation Team for Multi-scale Mechanics and Its Engineering Applications of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2021)。

摘　　要：本文针对采煤迹地土体渗透性强、稳定性差等力学问题和生态污染问题,在矸石山表层依次设计了隔水层、改良层和抑制蒸发层,提出“2+1”新土体分层构建技术。该技术在采煤迹地构建新土体的基础上,考虑土壤粒度、湿度、重度、构度四个力学和物理特性。新土体的构建需要在参考化学组成的同时,也要考虑生物因素和干旱区环境的影响,以及土体渗透系数、含水率、密实度、温度和水土相互作用的影响。隔水层选取当地黏粒含量高的黄土、砒砂岩为原料,设计厚度为20 cm。改良层用沙黄土、风化煤、砒砂岩为原料,考虑旱区植被特点、土壤密实度、土体化学成分,最终设计厚度为60 cm,改良层是采煤迹地生态恢复和重建的核心部分。抑制蒸发层用砾石、秸秆、草方格等抑制水分蒸发的材料进行设计,区域试验表明,砾石和草方格能较好抑制水蒸发,同时也验证了“2+1”新土体分层构建的合理性。最终效果为保障中国西北干旱荒漠区煤炭基地生态安全提供参考。This study,which considers coal mining sites,aims to solve problems pertaining to the immense per-meability,poor stability,and the environmental pollution of soil.In regard to reconstituted soil,the novel“2+1”lay-ered construction technology entails designing a water-resisting layer,a modified layer,and an evaporation inhibi-tion layer on the surface of the gangue hill.This technology,which entails constructing a novel type of reconstituted soil,considered four mechanical and physical soil properties,namely soil particle size,humidity,unit weight,and soil structure grade.The construction of novel reconstituted soils should consider the influence of biological factors and that of an arid environment,as well as the influence of the soil permeability coefficient,water content,density,temperature,and water-soil interaction;simultaneously,it should consider the chemical composition.With respect to the water-resisting layer,we selected loess and feldspathic sandstone that exhibited high clay content,and we utilized a 20 cm design thickness.The modified layer was composed of sandy loess,weathered coal,and feld-spathic sandstone.This layer was exhibited a 60 cm design thickness,and it considered the characteristics per-taining to vegetation,soil compactness,and soil chemical composition.The evaporation inhibition layer was de-signed using materials such as gravel and straw checkerboard.Regional tests indicated that verified the rational robustness of the novel“2+1”reconstituted soil layered construction.The results provide a reference for ensuring the ecological sustainability of coal mining sites that characterize the arid,desert areas of Northwest China.

关 键 词：岩土工程 新土体 矿物成分 煤矸石 渗流 水土保持 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU43[建筑科学—岩土工程]