不同棚膜小拱棚地膜处理对苗期棉花的影响  

Effect of Different Mulching Measures on Cotton Seedling Stage in Small Arch Shed

作　　者：卢红琴 柴仲平[1] 白云岗 张江辉 刘洪波 郑明 肖军 LU Hong-qin;CHAI Zhong-ping;BAI Yun-gang;ZHANG Jiang-hui;LIU Hong-bo;ZHENG Ming;XIAO Jun(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第7期44-51,66,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：2022年自治区重大科技计划项目《中低产田障碍消减与产能提升技术研究》课题3《南疆盐渍化障碍棉田“干播湿出”技术、产品研发》(2022A02007-3);国家自然科学基金项目《咸水滴灌棉田施用生物菌肥的土壤微生境效应及减氮促生模式》(52269017)。

摘　　要：南疆地区早春低温冷害、沙尘与冰雹等极端天气影响棉种萌发及幼苗发育,为解决极端天气影响棉花出苗及减产问题,在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县海楼镇开展小拱棚大田试验。试验共设计3种不同材质棚膜,每种棚膜下设有无地膜两种处理方式,选取当地冬灌棉田(无小拱棚,有地膜)作为对照处理,共7组处理,每个处理设3个重复,分析不同处理对棉田耕作层(0~30 cm)土壤水热微环境、棉花株高茎粗、地上部干物质量及出苗率的影响。覆盖小拱棚有地膜处理苗期增温效果显著,有地膜处理5 cm土层日均土壤温度较无地膜处理增加2.9~4.2℃,较CK增加3.8~6.3℃;不同材质棚膜下棚内气温变化趋势相同,有地膜较无地膜处理棚内气温增加0.6~1.65℃,较CK增加1.2~3.8℃;覆盖小拱棚有地膜处理有很好的保水作用,0~30 cm有地膜较无地膜处理土壤含水率提高6.13%~6.70%,较CK提高1.17%~4.36%;不同材质棚膜下覆盖小拱棚有地膜处理对棉花株高、茎粗及地上部干物质量的积累影响显著,且能实现提早出苗。不同材质棚膜下覆盖小拱棚有地膜处理在棉花生产过程中均能提高地膜的增温保墒效果,M1(聚乙烯(PE)膜)轻薄且透光性好,综合分析可知,M1W处理能更好的发挥地膜的增温保墒效果,有效提高出苗率,延长棉花全生育期。Extreme weather,such as early spring cold injury,sand dust and hail in southern Xinjiang,affected cotton seed germination and seedling development.In order to solve the problem of extreme weather affecting cotton seedling emergence and yield reduction,a small arch shed field experiment was carried out in Hailou Town,Shaya County,Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang.A total of three different materials of plastic mulch were designed for the experiment,and two treatments without plastic mulch were provided under each type of plastic mulch.Local winter irrigated cotton fields(without small arched plastic mulch and with plastic mulch)were selected as control treatments.A total of seven groups of treatments were used,with three replicates for each treatment.The effects of different treatments on the soil water and thermal microenvironment of the cultivation layer(0~30 cm)of the cotton field,the height and stem diameter of the cotton plant,the dry matter quality of the upper part of the ground,and the emergence rate were analyzed.The results showed that covering the small arched shed with plastic film treatment had a significant warming effect during the seedling stage,and the daily average soil temperature of the 5 cm soil layer treated with plastic film increased by 2.9~4.2℃compared to the treatment without plastic film,and by 3.8~6.3℃compared to CK;The trend of temperature change in the greenhouse under different materials of plastic film was the same,the temperature in the greenhouse with plastic film treatment increased by 0.6~1.65℃compared to that without plastic film treatment,and by 1.2~3.8℃compared to CK treatment;Covering small arched sheds with plastic film treatment had a good water retention effect.The soil moisture content of 0~30 cm treated with plastic film increased by 6.13%to 6.70%compared to untreated soil,and by 1.17%to 4.36%compared to CK;Covering small arched sheds with plastic film of different materials had a significant impact on the accumulation of cotton plant height,stem diameter,and aboveground

关 键 词：苗期棉花 小拱棚 棚膜材质 地膜覆盖 土壤温度 棚内气温 土壤含水率 

分 类 号：S289[农业科学—农业水土工程]