印度尼西亚佐科政府海洋安全战略的发展与影响  

The Development and Impact of Indonesian Joko Widodo's Maritime Security Strategy

作　　者：王艺桦 WANG Yihua

机构地区：[1]厦门大学台湾研究院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2023年第3期37-52,154,共17页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：2023年度海南省教育厅高等学校科学研究项目“海上丝绸之路背景下推动海南自贸港与东南亚国家区域合作治理研究”(项目编号:Hnky2023-5)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自2014年佐科担任总统后,印度尼西亚开始推行外向型海洋安全战略,提出的目标是要将印尼打造为联结印度洋和太平洋的海上交通枢纽,推进实现海洋强国目标。然而,美国借“印太战略”联合域内外国家介入亚太区域,利用同盟力量重新激化南海争端,恶化南海局面。多元力量介入下的区域形势与印尼“区域大国”“中等强国”的自我定位相矛盾,印尼推行的平衡战略影响式微,传统安全与非传统安全问题相互交融,海上冲突频发,促使佐科政府不断进行战略调适。佐科政府在力推东盟海洋合作“印太化”的过程中,吸纳域外次强国力量构建以印尼为主导的“小多边”体系,弱化域内大国竞争风险,再同步以多边海洋防务合作推进印尼国防现代化。在佐科政府的政策引领下,印尼海防能力以及东盟的影响力在一定程度上得到提升。然而,域外次强国力量的引入,也使得区域环境变得更为复杂,这对印尼的海洋外交提出了更高的要求,若不能审慎处理,则可能引发大国竞合风险的连锁反应。面对南海问题的“国际化”趋势,佐科政府的“印太化”举措或进一步拉大了东盟国家之间的差异,尤其是同美国存在联盟关系的国家以及同中国存在南海划界争议的国家,形成各自为营的分化态势。此外,佐科政府在海洋外交上表现出的强硬和进取姿态,也对中印尼两国关系产生负面影响。中印尼之间的经贸往来能否持续对冲安全防务合作上的缺失,将成为未来需要跟进观察的议题。Since Joko Widodo came to power in 2014,the archipelagic nation of Indonesia has embarked on an outward-looking maritime security strategy,proposing to build Indonesia into a maritime transportation hub linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans and advancing towards the goal of becoming a maritime power.However,as the geostrategic center of gravity shifts eastward,the U.S.is using the “Indo-Pacific Strategy” to intervene in the Asia-Pacific region,using allied forces to reignite disputes and aggravate the situation in the South China Sea.The regional situation under the intervention of multiple forces contradicts Indonesia's self-positioning as a “regional power” and a “medium power” and the influence of Indonesia's balancing strategy is diminishing.The Joko administration is constantly adapting its strategy.In response,Joko promoted the “Indo-Pacificization” of ASEAN maritime cooperation by incorporating the power of subpowerful countries from outside the region to build an Indonesian-led “mini-multilateral” system to weaken the risk of competition from major powers in the region,and then simultaneously promoted Indonesia's defense modernization through maritime defense cooperation.Indonesia's maritime defense capabilities and ASEAN's influence have been enhanced to a certain extent under Joko's leadership,but the introduction of extraterritorial sub-powerful powers has also made the regional environment for Indonesia's maritime development more complex.If not handled carefully,it may trigger a chain effect of competing risks among major powers.

关 键 词：印度尼西亚 海洋安全战略 海上防务合作 “印太战略” 东盟 

分 类 号：D834.2[政治法律—政治学] P74[政治法律—外交学]