杂交相思、巨尾桉及其混交林水源涵养能力比较  

Comparison on water conservation capacity of monocultures of Acacia mangium×A.auriculiformis and Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla and mixed forests

作　　者：曹艳云[1] 彭玉华[1] 何琴飞[1] 黄志玲[1] 欧芷阳[1] 吴秉堃 黄瑞基 CAO Yanyun;PENG Yuhua;HE Qinfei;HUANG Zhiling;OU Zhiyang;WU Bingkun;HUANG Ruiji(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530002,China;Chongqing Baolüfeng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400020,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西南宁530002 [2]重庆保绿丰生物科技有限公司,重庆400020

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2023年第2期73-82,共10页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：国家林业和草原局林业知识产权转化运用项目“杂交相思授权新品种‘赤云相思’转化运用”(KJZXZZ2019013);广西地方标准资助项目(2022-1103)。

摘　　要：[目的]比较了杂交相思、巨尾桉及其混交林枯落物层和土壤层的水源涵养能力,为调整树种结构提供依据。[方法]对杂交相思纯林、巨尾桉纯林及其混交林(1杂交相思×1巨尾桉、2杂交相思×2巨尾桉)进行枯落物层与土壤层水文功能定量分析,并采用坐标综合评定法对水文效应相关因子进行综合评价。[结果](1)杂交相思纯林枯落物蓄积量最大,显著大于巨尾桉纯林;除巨尾桉纯林外,其他3种林分半分解层枯落物蓄积量大于未分解层。杂交相思纯林枯落物持蓄水能力最好,显著大于巨尾桉纯林。(2)0~20 cm土层,杂交相思纯林土壤容重显著低于其他3种林分;20~80 cm土层,1杂交相思×1巨尾桉土壤容重显著高于其他林分;土壤容重随着土层加深而加大。杂交相思纯林、巨尾桉纯林总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度分别在0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层最大,均显著大于1杂交相思×1巨尾桉;40~80 cm土层,2杂交相思×2巨尾桉的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度最大,总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度显著大于1杂交相思×1巨尾桉和杂交相思纯林;土壤孔隙度随着土层加深呈不同的曲线变化。0~20 cm土层,杂交相思纯林持蓄水能力显著大于其他林分;20~40 cm土层,杂交相思纯林自然含水率最大且显著大于1杂交相思×1巨尾桉、巨尾桉纯林,2杂交相思×2巨尾桉的最大持水量、毛管持水量、有效持水量最大且显著大于1杂交相思×1巨尾桉;40~80 cm土层,2杂交相思×2巨尾桉的持蓄水能力最大,1杂交相思×1巨尾桉最小。随着土层加深,1杂交相思×1巨尾桉和杂交相思纯林的自然含水率为先降低后增加,2杂交相思×2巨尾桉和巨尾桉纯林的自然含水率为先增加后降低,1杂交相思×1巨尾桉、杂交相思纯林、巨尾桉纯林的最大持水量、毛管持水量、有效持水量逐渐减小,2杂交相思×2巨尾桉的最大持水量、毛管持水量、有效持水量呈曲线�[Purpose]Water conservation capacity of litter layer and soil layer in monocultures of Acacia mangium×A.auriculiformis(referred to as Acacia)and Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla(referred to as Eucalyptus)as well as their mixed-cultured forests were compared to provide insights into optimized species structure for sustainable management.[Method]Four forest stand types were established,including monocultures of Acacia and Eucalyptus as well as the mixed forests of 1 Acacia×1 Eucalyptus(mixed forest A)and 2 Acacia×2 Eucalyptus(mixed forest B).Then the hydrological functions of the litter layer and soil layer were quantitatively measured and comprehensively evaluated by coordinate method.[Result](1)Monoculture of Acacia had the most litter accumulation,which was significantly greater than that of monoculture of Eucalyptus;most stand types had greater semi-decomposed layer than the undecomposed one except for monoculture of Acacia,while it had the highest litter water-holding capacity,significantly greater than that of monoculture of Eucalyptus.(2)Soil bulk density was significantly lower in monoculture of Acacia than the other 3 stand types at the depth of 0-20 cm,while at the depth of 20-80 cm,it was significantly higher in mixed forest A than the rest;soil bulk density generally followed an uprising trend with soil depth.Total soil porosity and capillary porosity were maximized in monoculture of Acacia at the depth 0-20 cm while peaked in monoculture of Eucalyptus at the depth of 20-40 cm,both of which were significantly higher than those of mixed forest A.At the depth of 40-80 cm,mixed forest B had the highest total soil porosity,capillary porosity,and non-capillary porosity,whose first 2 indexes were significantly greater than those of mixed forest A and monoculture of Acacia;soil porosity indexes showed different variation curves with soil depth.When it comes to water-holding capacity,monoculture of Acacia had significantly higher soil natural moisture content,maximum water-holding capacity,capillary water-hol

关 键 词：杂交相思 巨尾桉 枯落物层 土壤层 水源涵养 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学] S714.7