周年肥料运筹对双直播模式下棉油周年产量的影响  

Effect of annual fertilizer management on annual yield of cotton and rape cultivated under double direct seeding mode

作　　者：秦宇坤 陈俊英 张丽娟 QIN Yukun;CHEN Junying;ZHANG Lijuan(Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute,Jiujiang,Jiangxi 332105,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省经济作物研究所,江西九江332105

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2023年第2期126-131,共6页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目“棉油两熟制构建及其轻简高效栽培技术研究”(20192BBFL60005)。

摘　　要：[目的]探索适合棉油双直播模式的氮、磷、钾肥周年运筹技术,为棉油双直播模式下棉花、油菜的增产增效提供依据。[方法]采用双因素裂区设计,因素A为周年施肥总量,分别设置低肥、中肥和高肥(A_(1)、A_(2)和A_(3))3个水平;因素B为棉花和油菜的施肥比例,分别设置1∶1、2∶3和3∶2(B_(1)、B_(2)和B_(3))3个水平。比较不同周年施肥水平下棉油双直播模式棉花与油菜的产量、产量构成因素及氮肥偏生产力。[结果]A_(2)水平下,A_(2)B_(2)处理的棉花产量与周年总产量最高;A_(3)水平下,A_(3)B_(2)处理的棉花产量与周年总产量最高;A_(2)B_(2)处理棉花产量显著高于A_(1)B_(2)与A_(3)B_(2)处理。A_(3)B_(1)处理油菜产量显著高于A_(1)B_(1)处理。A_(2)与A_(3)水平棉花单铃重除A_(3)B_(1)处理与A_(1)B_(3)处理差异不显著外,其他处理均显著高于A_(1)水平。棉花和油菜的氮肥偏生产力均随施肥量的递增而降低;A_(2)与A_(3)水平下,A_(2)B_(2)的棉花氮肥偏生产力最高。[结论]不同周年肥料运筹对双直播模式下棉油周年产量的增产效果存在差异,总体上以B_(2)水平的增产效果最佳。其中,A_(2)B_(2)处理(氮、磷和钾施肥量分别为360、180和270 kg·hm^(-2),棉油施肥比2∶3)在降低施肥水平、保持较高氮肥偏生产力的同时,可获得最高周年产量。[Purpose]Annual fertilization management of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)tailored to double direct seeding cultivation of cotton and rape was investigated to provide a theoretical basis for increased yield and efficiency.[Method]A two-factor split block design was set up in a cotton-rape field managed under double direct seeding mode.Factor A represented total annual fertilization rate(A_(1),A_(2)and A_(3)referred to as rates from low to high),and factor B represented fertilization ratio of cotton and rapeseed,with 1∶1,2∶3 and 3∶2 referring to B_(1),B_(2),and B_(3),respectively.Annual yield,yield component and partial productivity of N fertilizer under different annual fertilization levels were compared.[Result]The results showed that the highest cotton yield and annual total yield were achieved under treatments A_(2)B_(2)and A_(3)B_(2)at level A_(2)and A_(3),and A_(2)B_(2)had significantly greater cotton yield compared to those of A_(1)B_(2)and A_(3)B_(2).A_(3)B_(1)significantly increased rapeseed yield compared to A_(1)B_(1).On the other hand,A_(2)and A_(3)were contributed to significantly higher single boll weight of cotton compared to A_(1)except for insignificant difference between A_(3)B_(1)and A_(1)B_(3).Partial productivity of N fertilizer on yields of cotton and rapeseed decreased continuously with greater application rates,with the highest partial productivity on cotton being achieved under treatment A_(2)B_(2)compared to its counterparts at level A_(2)and A_(3).[Conclusion]Despite yearly variation on the facilitating effect of annual fertilization management on yields of cotton and rapeseed cultivated under double direct seeding mode,cotton rape fertilization ratio of 2∶3 overall had the best yield facilitating effect.And fertilizers applied at the medium level,with N,P and K application rates of 360,180 and 270 kg·hm^(-2)and cotton rape fertilization ratio of 2∶3 could achieve the highest annual yield while reducing fertilizer inputs and maintaining high N fertilizer productivit

关 键 词：周年肥料运筹 棉花 油菜 产量 氮肥偏生产力 

分 类 号：S562.04[农业科学—作物学]