对中国天然气价格改革的回顾与政策建议  

Review and policy suggestions on China's natural-gas price reform

作　　者：张颙[1] 何春蕾[2] 杜波[1] 董振宇[1] ZHANG Yong;HE Chunlei;DU Bo;DONG Zhenyu(PetroChina Finance Department,Beijing 100007,China;Natural Gas Economic Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气股份有限公司财务部,北京100007 [2]中国石油西南油气田公司天然气经济研究所,四川成都610051

出　　处：《天然气技术与经济》2023年第3期1-9,共9页Natural Gas Technology and Economy

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司软科学研究项目“中国天然气价格改革回顾与展望”(编号:中油研20220110)。

摘　　要：为了不断深化天然气价格改革、不断完善天然气价格形成机制,回顾了中国在推进天然气价格改革过程中所面临的困难以及采取的成功做法,分析了现行天然气价格管理存在的问题,进而提出了政策建议。主要结论包括:(1)天然气对外依存度不断提高,进口气使用成本很高,国内市场对进口气支付能力不足,地区经济发展不平衡,居民最终消费率偏低,是中国在推进天然气价格改革过程中所面临的难点问题,在未来相当长的时间里,上述问题仍然是中国深化天然气价格改革需着重考虑的;(2)建立以门站价格管理为核心的天然气产运储销价格体系,按照目标导向先易后难稳步推进,政府管控与市场调节相结合,加强对自然垄断环节的价格监管,是中国推进天然气价格改革所采取的成功做法,上述成功做法在未来相当长的时间里仍将发挥作用;(3)完善门站价格管理的重点是完善放管结合政策,缩小管制气范围,扩大非管制气范围,明确保供范围和各方的责任与义务;(4)完善天然气基础设施价格管理的重点是进一步合理确定准许收益率,建立标准成本制度,加快推广实施两部制收费价格;(5)完善城市燃气价格管理的重点是按照国际通行做法制定城市燃气价格,在核定配气价格时进一步合理确定准许收益率和管网折旧年限,建立健全上下游价格联动机制;(6)此外还应加快天然气交易枢纽建设,加快推进天然气能量计量计价。This paper reviews some difficulties,problems and successful practices in the process of promoting natural-gas price reform in China,and puts forward policy suggestions on further deepening this reform and improving price-forming mechanisms.And some conclusions are made as follows.First,both difficulties and problems faced in this reform include the continuously increasing dependence degree of natural gas on foreign countries,the high usage cost of imported gas,the insufficient ability of domestic market to pay for imported gas,the unbalanced regional economic development,and the low final consumption rate of residents,which will be the focus to be considered in deepening China's natural-gas price reform for a long time in the future.Second,successful reform practices include establishing the price system on natural-gas pro-duction,transportation,storage and marketing with gate station price management as the core,steadily advancing with the first easy and then the difficult in accordance with the goal orientation,combining government control and market regula-tion,and firming up price supervision of natural monopoly links,which will be of importance for a considerable period of time in the future.Third,perfecting the gate station price management focuses on improving the release and control com-bined policy,reducing the scope of controlled gas,expanding the scope of non-controlled gas,as well as clarifying the scope of supply and the responsibilities and obligations of all parties.Fourth,improving the price management of natural-gas infrastructure concentrates on further reasonably determining the allowable rate of return,establishing the standard cost system,and accelerating the promotion and implementation of the two-part charging price.Fifth,making the city-gas price management better is to set this price in accordance with international practices,further reasonably ascertain the allowable rate of return and the depreciation period of pipelines when approving gas distribution prices,and establish and upgrade

关 键 词：天然气 价格改革 门站价格管理 能量计量计价 难点问题 成功做法 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]