组合式气囊在重装空投中的缓冲性能分析  

Analysis of Cushioning Performance of Combined Airbag in Heavy Airdrop

作　　者：鲁超宇 陈金宝 王宸 朱锦耀 黄梓瀚 LU Chaoyu;CHEN Jinbao;WANG Chen;ZHU Jinyao;HUANG Zihan(Academy of Astronautics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;Key Laboratory of Deep Space Star Catalog Detection Mechanism Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Nanjing 211106,China;Laboratory of Aerospace Entry,Descent and Landing Technology,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航天学院,南京211106 [2]深空星表探测机构技术工信部重点实验室,南京211106 [3]航天进入减速与着陆技术航天科技集团重点实验室,南京211106

出　　处：《宇航学报》2023年第6期841-850,共10页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)BK20210297;国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075242)

摘　　要：针对现有主/辅结构单气囊难以满足未来大载重、高海拔、载乘员空投装备缓冲需求的问题,提出采用含圆柱密闭内气囊的组合式气囊的空投装备缓冲方案。对传统空投装备单气囊缓冲过程进行排气理论分析并仿真,发现随着触地初速度的增大,传统气囊结构存在装备与地面的硬碰撞问题;对内气囊参与缓冲的阶段过程进行理论分析,并对组合式气囊进行了多工况仿真,将其与传统单气囊缓冲进行对比;分析了不同内气囊直径和外气囊排气孔面积对装备过载的影响及其数值变化趋势。结果表明,组合式气囊在多种工况下均有出色的缓冲性能,随着内气囊直径和外气囊排气孔面积的增大,装备过载整体呈现先降低后升高的趋势,当内气囊直径为0.25m,外气囊排气孔面积为0.04m^(2)时,缓冲效果最佳。在装备9m/s高速触地普通工况下,装备过载为11.13,与单气囊缓冲相比降低18.87%。研究对未来新一代空投装备更低着陆过载的需求提供了合理的方案。In view of the problem that the existing single airbag of main/auxiliary structure can hardly meet the buffering demand of future airdropping equipment with large load,high altitude and crew riding,the buffering scheme of air-dropping equipment with combined airbag containing cylindrical airtight inner airbag is proposed.Through the exhaust theory analysis and simulation of the single airbag cushioning process of traditional air-dropped equipment,it is found that with the increase of the initial velocity of touchdown,the traditional airbag structure has the problem of hard collision between the equipment and the ground;a theoretical analysis of the stage process of the inner airbag involved in cushioning and a multi-case simulation of the combined airbag were carried out to compare it with the traditional single airbag cushioning;the influence of different inner airbag diameter and outer airbag vent area on equipment overload and their numerical trends were analyzed.The results show that the combined airbag has excellent cushioning performance under various working conditions,and with the increase of inner airbag diameter and outer airbag vent area,the overall overload of the equipment shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing,and when the inner airbag diameter is 0.25 m and the outer airbag vent area is 0.04 m^(2),the cushioning effect is the best.Under the common working condition of 9 m/s high-speed touchdown,the equipment overload is 11.13,which is 18.87%lower compared to a single airbag cushion.The study provides a reasonable solution to the need for lower landing overload for the future generation of air-dropped equipment.

关 键 词：空投装备 组合式气囊 着陆缓冲 数值仿真 

分 类 号：V244[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]