时间压力视角下人格特征与视觉搜索策略及绩效的关系  

A Study on the Relationship between Personality Trait and Visual Search Strategy and Performance in A Time Pressure Perspective

作　　者：张楠 苏玉婷 廖斌[1] ZHANG Nan;SU Yu-ting;LIAO Bin(School of Business,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu Sichuan 610101,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学商学院,成都610101

出　　处：《人类工效学》2023年第3期25-29,36,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：四川省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202110636116);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(19YJAZH051);四川省软科学研究项目(2020JDR0267)。

摘　　要：目的探究时间压力及人格特征与视觉搜索策略及绩效的关系。方法首先基于视觉注视点和靶目标之间的位置关系定义视觉搜索策略,然后运用E-Prime设计试验模拟视觉搜索作业,采集被试的反应时间及各项眼动指标,对试验数据进行统计分析。结果(1)开放性、严谨性人格偏向于使用证实反应,外向性和宜人性人格更偏向于使用混合策略;(2)随着压力水平的增加,被试证实反应比例下降,策略反应比例上升,任务绩效提高;(3)时间压力通过注视次数等眼动指标的中介作用影响搜索策略和绩效,人格特征在时间压力对搜索绩效的影响机制中起调节作用。结论时间压力和人格特征对视觉搜索任务的策略及绩效有显著影响,故在进行视觉搜索任务的设计时,要考虑时间压力和人格特征的双重影响,以达到最佳的视觉搜索绩效。Objective To investigate the relationship between time pressure and personality trait with visual search strategy and performance.Methods The visual search strategy was first defined based on the positional relationship between the visual fixation point and the target,then E-Prime was used to design a mission to simulate the visual search operation,and the searchers'reaction time and various eye-movement indicators were collected.And finally,the data were statistically analyzed.Results(1)Openness and conscientiousness favored the use of confirmatory responses,while extroversion and agreeableness favored mixed strategies;(2)As the stress level increased,the proportion of searchers'confirmatory responses decreased,the proportion of strategic responses increased,and search performance improved;(3)Time pressure influenced search strategies and performance through the mediating role of eye-movement indicators such as fixation count,and personality traits in stress on search performance plays a moderating role in the mechanism of the effect of stress on search performance.Conclusion Time pressure and personality traits have significant effects on the strategy and performance of visual search tasks,so the dual effects of time pressure and personality traits should be considered in the design of visual search tasks to achieve optimal visual search performance.

关 键 词：人机交互 人因工程 时间压力 人格特征 视觉搜索 眼动指标 E-PRIME 

分 类 号：R857.14[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]