激光熔覆制备高硬耐磨涂层的研究综述  

High Hardness and Wear-resistant Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding

作　　者：谢志颖 刘常升[1] 吴琼 陈岁元[1] 梁京[1] XIE Zhi-ying;LIU Chang-sheng;WU Qiong;CHENG Sui-yuan;LIANG Jing(Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,China;Baowu Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201999,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学,沈阳110004 [2]宝武重工有限公司,上海201999

出　　处：《表面技术》2023年第7期25-40,共16页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1508213)。

摘　　要：高硬耐磨涂层指与基体间呈冶金结合,具有很强的局部抵抗压入能力及抵抗机械磨损能力的薄层。激光熔覆技术是一种新型、绿色、高效的表面处理技术,具有冷却速度快、稀释率小、热变形小、厚度可控等优点,在交通、矿山、石化、冶金等高端制造装备领域具有广阔的应用前景。从粉末设计、激光熔覆工艺、统计计算与仿真模拟、激光熔覆辅助技术等4个方面,综述了激光熔覆技术制备高硬耐磨涂层的研究进展。在粉末设计方面,以涂层优化结果为导向,综述了第二相强化型、细晶强化型、组织结构优化型及其他类型设计在制备高硬耐磨涂层方面的研究。在激光熔覆工艺方面,介绍了熔覆过程中工艺参数对涂层性能及质量的影响及作用机理,并提出了合理的优化建议。在统计计算和仿真模拟方面,概述了统计计算与仿真模拟在涂层制备、熔覆工艺优化、涂层组织性能优化及熔覆理论研究中的作用。在激光熔覆辅助技术方面,概述了声场、电场、磁场、热场、机械场及光谱检测等辅助技术,并介绍了辅助技术对调控涂层微观组织及性能的影响和作用机制。最后对激光熔覆制备高硬耐磨涂层及相关技术的研究进行了展望。Laser cladding technology has become a technical means to prepare high hardness and wear-resistant coatings because of its advantages such as high deposition efficiency,fast cooling speed,small dilution rate,small thermal deformation,controllable thickness and metallurgical combination.In recent years,with the increasing demand for repair and re-manufacturing in high-end manufacturing equipment,the development and preparation of high hardness and wear-resistant coatings have also drawn great attention and got significant development.The research work related to high hardness and wear-resistant coating fabricated by laser cladding at home and abroad was introduced and the research progress of these works was discussed.The research progress of high hardness and wear-resistant coatings fabricated by laser cladding was reviewed from four aspects:powder design,laser cladding process,statistical calculation and simulation,and laser cladding auxiliary technology.Starting from the four research directions of laser cladding,the action principle of the four research directions in preparing high hardness and wear-resistant coatings,as well as the advantages,disadvantages and application scope of these four aspects were expounded in this paper.In addition,reasonable suggestions for the shortcomings and the future development direction were pointed out.In the aspect of powder design,guided by the coating optimization results,the research on the preparation of high hardness and wear-resistant coatings by second phase strengthening,fine grain strengthening,microstructure optimization and other types of powder design were reviewed.From the perspective of improving coating hardness,reducing coating defects and decreasing residual stress,these powder designs were analyzed and compared,the current research ideas related to powder design were affirmed,the existing design defects were pointed out,and optimization suggestions were put forward.In the aspect of laser cladding process,related works of process adjustment on improving the

关 键 词：激光熔覆 显微硬度 耐磨性能 熔覆材料 熔覆工艺 统计计算 仿真模拟 辅助技术 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]